2019
DOI: 10.1109/jqe.2019.2948152
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Optical Frequency Comb Generation Using CMOS Compatible Cascaded Mach–Zehnder Modulators

Abstract: Optical frequency combs (OFCs) play a key role in a variety of applications and have been implemented primarily using mode-locked lasers, Kerr resonators, and electro-optic (EO) modulation. EO modulation-based OFC generation may not yield as many comb lines nor span as broad a bandwidth as modelocked lasers or Kerr resonators; however, it offers a high degree of tunability in central frequency and comb spacing. Integrated solutions are of interest as they significantly reduce device footprint and enable large … Show more

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Cited by 32 publications
(11 citation statements)
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“…This tradeoff has been studied already in LiNbO 3 modulators, and the results can be translated to Si modulators. Among the possible solutions to optimize the EOFC performances it is possible: (i) to cascade several modulators and/or to cascade amplitude and phase modulation, to flatten the frequency comb as shown in [4,58]; (ii) to use electrical signals containing two or more frequencies to drive each modulator [41]; (iii) to use a resonant cavity, so that when the modulation frequency meets the cavity free spectral range, the light is being constructively modulated at each round trip, which is also equivalent to an increase of the effective modulator length [40]. All of these solutions could be implemented in Si photonics, for the generation of flat, frequency tunable and wide bandwidth frequency combs.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…This tradeoff has been studied already in LiNbO 3 modulators, and the results can be translated to Si modulators. Among the possible solutions to optimize the EOFC performances it is possible: (i) to cascade several modulators and/or to cascade amplitude and phase modulation, to flatten the frequency comb as shown in [4,58]; (ii) to use electrical signals containing two or more frequencies to drive each modulator [41]; (iii) to use a resonant cavity, so that when the modulation frequency meets the cavity free spectral range, the light is being constructively modulated at each round trip, which is also equivalent to an increase of the effective modulator length [40]. All of these solutions could be implemented in Si photonics, for the generation of flat, frequency tunable and wide bandwidth frequency combs.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Values of tens to hundreds of GHz are achieved for the microcombs [4,[6][7][16][17][24][25][26][27][33][34][35], while the repetition rate of fiber laser-based combs are on the orders of tens or hundreds of MHz [3][4][16][17][19][20][21][22]. On the contrary, using EOFCs the repetition rate is fully tunable within the modulator electro-optic bandwidth, up to tens of GHz [3][4][8][9][10][11][12]16,[28][29][30][31][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and indium phosphide (InP) are workable platforms for integrating multiple modulators on a single chip, both of which have already been utilized to realize chip-scale electro-optic frequency comb generation [15,16]. In addition, lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI), with a strong electro-optic effect, a large modulation bandwidth, and a broad optical transparent window, is recognized as a promising candidate for realizing power-efficient chip-scale electro-optic frequency comb generation with a large tooth spacing tuning range and a high output power.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Such size reduction could be obtained by integrating electro-optical modulators on photonic *lucas.deniel@c2n.upsaclay.fr chips. Silicon photonics has emerged as a promising platform for this purpose [3,5], as it benefits from CMOScompatible fabrication process and technological facilities, for low-cost and large-volume production. Electronics can also be directly integrated with silicon photonics.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%