Optical hiding with visual cryptography

Shi, Yishi; Yang, Xiubo

doi:10.1088/2040-8986/aa895e

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…(1) Some optical systems such as DRPE and cascaded phase only mask system are hard to implement in optical experiments due to the precise alignment requirement under coherent light illumination. This problem can be possibly tackled by combining these optical systems with some incoherent operations such as visual cryptography [44,45], where an approximate overlapping (rather than very precise alignment) of optical components can yield correct decrypted result.…”

Section: Comparison Of Various Optical Systems For Image Hidingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on optical image hiding and watermarking techniques

Jiao

Zhou

et al. 2019

Optics & Laser Technology

Self Cite

139

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Information security is a critical issue in modern society and image watermarking can effectively prevent unauthorized information access. Optical image watermarking techniques generally have advantages of parallel high-speed processing and multi-dimensional capabilities compared with digital approaches. This paper provides a comprehensive review on the research works related to optical image hiding and watermarking techniques conducted in the past decade.The past research works are focused on two major aspects, various optical systems for image hiding and the methods for embedding optical system output into a host image. A summary of the state-of-the-art works is made from these two perspectives.

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Section: Comparison Of Various Optical Systems For Image Hidingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on optical image hiding and watermarking techniques

Jiao

Zhou

et al. 2019

Optics & Laser Technology

Self Cite

139

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show abstract

“…Visual cryptography (VC) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] is a security technique for encrypting an image in a way that the original image can be visually decrypted. In VC, a secret image is randomly expanded to multiple visual key images and each visual key image is referred to as a share.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the optical setup has certain experimental complexity such as precise alignment requirement of optical elements, fabrication difficulty of HOE and availability of laser source. Different from the coherent imaging system [11,12], an incoherent optical system such as a single-pixel imaging (SPI) system [16][17][18][19][20][21] will have significantly lower experimental complexity. In fact, this has been revealed in some previous works about optical computing [22] and holography [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…a paper sheet), it is hard to decode the secret image by overlapping. It is proposed that the visual key information can be physically embedded in holographic optical elements (HOE) in previous works [11,12]. Based on optical coherent diffraction and volume grating, the secret image can be visually displayed when the correct HOEs are placed in the optical setup and illuminated by laser.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different from the coherent imaging system [11,12], an incoherent optical system such as a single-pixel imaging (SPI) system [16][17][18][19][20][21] will have significantly lower experimental complexity. In fact, this has been revealed in some previous works about optical computing [22] and holography [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Visual cryptography in single-pixel imaging

Jiao¹,

Feng²,

Gao³

et al. 2020

Opt. Express

122

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Two novel visual cryptography (VC) schemes are proposed by combining VC with single-pixel imaging (SPI) for the first time. It is pointed out that the overlapping of visual key images in VC is similar to the superposition of pixel intensities by a single-pixel detector in SPI. In the first scheme, QR-code VC is designed by using opaque sheets instead of transparent sheets. The secret image can be recovered when identical illumination patterns are projected onto multiple visual key images and a single detector is used to record the total light intensities. In the second scheme, the secret image is shared by multiple illumination pattern sequences and it can be recovered when the visual key patterns are projected onto identical items. The application of VC can be extended to more diversified scenarios by our proposed schemes.

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Compressive Imaging Encryption with Secret Sharing Metasurfaces

Zheng

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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imaging modalities, computational ghost imaging (CGI) and visual cryptography (VC), [5,6] have demonstrated their great potential in optical encryption. [7][8][9][10][11][12] In CGI, a sequence of computer-generated mask patterns are projected onto the target object, and a single-pixel detector is employed to record the relevant intensity values reflected or transmitted from the object. A decryption-like computational process is then applied to reconstruct the object image from the mask patterns (i.e., keys) and intensity values (i.e., ciphertext). Various optical encryption schemes based on CGI have been proposed for multipositioned or multicolored image encryption. [13,14] Different from the computational reconstruction of CGI, VC enables a direct observation of the secret image by naked eyes. In VC, a secret image is split into multiple shared key images. The predesigned shared images with incoherent overlays can decode the secret image visually by gathering their independent subinformation. By combining holography and VC, optical encryption schemes have been developed by hiding the secret image into different pieces of phase keys. [15][16][17][18] Meanwhile, rapid progress has been made in optical encryption, thanks to the development of metasurfaces. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Metasurfaces, consisting of single-layer or fewer-layer spatially variant meta-units, enable unprecedented control over the phase profile and other degrees of freedom of light with subwavelength resolution. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] With polarization or wavelength control, optical Exploiting various degrees of freedom of light, metasurfaces have unique advantages in multiple-channel information storage and demonstration, which thereby provides a novel platform to convey the keys and cipher images for different encryptions. Following the secret sharing principle of visual cryptography (VC), the authors here successfully embed both the keys and cipher images of computational ghost imaging (CGI) encryption into the holographic metasurface-images (meta-images). The decryption process starts with key retrieval via optical observation of overlapped meta-images, followed by a compressive CGI calculation to reconstruct the target images according to the obtained key and steganographic cipher images with a high compression ratio of 4. By integrating metasurface imaging, VC, and CGI, the authors' proposed encryption scheme exempts conventional key distribution and transmission of CGI, enhances the security by secret sharing of VC, and increases the amount of hiding data contained in meta-images with compressive sensing.

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Optical hiding with visual cryptography

Cited by 34 publications

References 21 publications

Review on optical image hiding and watermarking techniques

Review on optical image hiding and watermarking techniques

Visual cryptography in single-pixel imaging

Compressive Imaging Encryption with Secret Sharing Metasurfaces

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