Optical homodyne detection in view of the joint probability distribution

Kawakubo, Toru; Yamamoto, K.

doi:10.1103/physreva.82.032102

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Although these photocurrent components are, in principle, retrievable by measurement, they require a common phase reference between the optical LO and the electronic local oscillator (eLO) used to extract the desired photocurrent Fourier component [30,39]. However, in a typical experimental situation, the optical LO shows relatively fast phase diffusion [40]. If the laser linewidth is not narrow enough to allow a complete characterization of the state before phase diffusion becomes important, or if it is not phase locked to the electronic oscillator, the measurement operator will vary between individual quantum measurements, introducing mixedness in the photocurrent moments.…”

Section: Phase Mixing Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum state reconstruction of spectral field modes: Homodyne and resonator detection schemes

et al. 2013

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We revisit the problem of quantum state reconstruction of light beams from the photocurrent quantum noise. As is well-known, but often overlooked, two longitudinal field modes contribute to each spectral component of the photocurrent (sideband modes). We show that spectral homodyne detection is intrinsically incapable of providing all the information needed for the full reconstruction of the two-mode spectral quantum state. Such a limitation is overcome by the technique of resonator detection. A detailed theoretical description and comparison of both methods is presented, as well as an experiment to measure the six-mode quantum state of pump-signal-idler beams of an optical parametric oscillator above the oscillation threshold.Quantum optics employing continuous variables of the electromagnetic field is a mature and well-developed subject, with applications ranging from high resolution measurements [1], to manipulation and storage of quantum information [2][3][4], and quantum metrology [5]. Among its advantages are the use of techniques adapted from the classical communications community, which employ the spectral analysis of light [6]. Quantum features that play a role in these applications include quadrature squeezing [7], quantum correlations [8] and entanglement [9].In order to harness the advantages offered by quantum properties of light to improve high resolution measurements or quantum information protocols, it is often necessary to obtain full knowledge of the system's quantummechanical state. Techniques for complete quantumstate characterization have been a part of the quantum optics toolbox for 20 years [10,11]. However, when combining these techniques with the spectral analysis of measured signals [12], care must be exercised: it has been known for a long time that two (sideband) modes must be considered when measuring quantum noise (and correlation) spectra of a single beam of light. In many situations, an effective single-mode description can be applied but this is not always true.In a previous paper [13], we show experimentally that indeed two different light states could lead to the same homodyne detection signals, whereas they could be unambiguously discriminated by resonator detection. In the present paper, our purpose is to give a detailed and consistent description of spectral reconstruction of quantum states of light. For the sake of completeness, in part of the paper we review concepts that are already known (although sometimes neglected). This helps make clear the shortcomings of the most widely used detection technique, (spectral) homodyne detection (HD), as well as the demonstration that an alternative technique, res- * mmartine@if.usp.br onator detection (RD) [14,15], does not suffer from the same limitations.Information about the quantum state is retrieved from photodetection, which yields a photocurrent continuously varying in time. Interferometric techniques, usually involving a reference field (a Local Oscillator -LO), enable the acquisition of phase sensitive information, thus allowi...

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Section: Phase Mixing Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum state reconstruction of spectral field modes: Homodyne and resonator detection schemes

et al. 2013

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“…Similar effects may also occur in other systems, such as in the interference of Cooper pairs emitted from independent superconductors [10]. Recent works have studied the influence of the fact that the laser field is not in a coherent state in the interpretation of optics experiments [5,6,11], in the realization of quantum information protocols [12][13][14], in the emergence of a photon-number superselection rule [6,15], in the meaning of phase coherence in optical fields [13,16], in optical quantum-state tomography [17] and in quantum metrology [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum analysis of the direct measurement of light waves

Saldanha¹

2014

New J. Phys.

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In a beautiful experiment performed about a decade ago, Goulielmakis et al (2004 Science 305 1267-69) made a direct measurement of the electric field of light waves. However, they used a laser source to produce the light field, whose quantum state has a null expectation value for the electric field operator, so how was it possible to measure this electric field? Here we present a quantum treatment for the f :2f interferometer used to calibrate the carrier-envelope phase of the light pulses in the experiment. We show how the special nonlinear features of the f :2f interferometer can change the quantum state of the electromagnetic field inside the laser cavity to a state with a definite oscillating electric field, explaining how the 'classical' electromagnetic field emerges in the experiment. We discuss that this experiment was, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of an absolute coherent superposition of different photon number states in the optical regime.

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“…Contudo, na prática, o oscilador local ótico sofre difusão de fase em tempos relativamente curtos [Kawakubo 2010]. Caso estejamos considerando medidas em uma determinada janela de tempo suficiente para que o efeito da difusão de fase seja considerável, haverá uma variação do operador de medida entre medidas consecutivas.…”

Section: O Efeito Da Mistura De Faseunclassified

Emaranhamento multicor para redes de informação quântica

Coelho¹

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Optical homodyne detection in view of the joint probability distribution

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Quantum state reconstruction of spectral field modes: Homodyne and resonator detection schemes

Quantum state reconstruction of spectral field modes: Homodyne and resonator detection schemes

Quantum analysis of the direct measurement of light waves

Emaranhamento multicor para redes de informação quântica

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