Optical Interferometry with Quantum Networks

Khabiboulline, Emil T.; Borregaard, Johannes; Greve, Kristiaan De; Lukin, Mikhail D.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.123.070504

Cited by 130 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…For astronomy, obviously the light sources cannot be controlled, but the use of entangled photons and quantum repeaters has been proposed to teleport photons in stellar inter-ferometry and increase its baseline [120][121][122]. Unfortunately, quantum repeaters are nowhere near practical yet, and conventional linear optical devices remain the best option in the foreseeable future.…”

Section: E Nonclassical Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolving starlight: a quantum perspective

Tsang

2019

Contemporary Physics

110

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The wave-particle duality of light introduces two fundamental problems to imaging, namely, the diffraction limit and the photon shot noise. Quantum information theory can tackle them both in one holistic formalism: model the light as a quantum object, consider any quantum measurement, and pick the one that gives the best statistics. While Helstrom pioneered the theory half a century ago and first applied it to incoherent imaging, it was not until recently that the approach offered a genuine surprise on the age-old topic by predicting a new class of superior imaging methods. For the resolution of two sub-Rayleigh sources, the new methods have been shown theoretically and experimentally to outperform direct imaging and approach the true quantum limits. Recent efforts to generalize the theory for an arbitrary number of sources suggest that, despite the existence of harsh quantum limits, the quantum-inspired methods can still offer significant improvements over direct imaging for subdiffraction objects, potentially benefiting many applications in astronomy as well as fluorescence microscopy.

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Section: E Nonclassical Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolving starlight: a quantum perspective

Tsang

2019

Contemporary Physics

110

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“…in classical imaging, where baseline telescopes are used. Recently quantum sensor networks have been introduced, and shown to offer an advantage in several problems: to measure field gradients [4][5][6], to increase the accuracy of atomic clocks [7,8], or of interferometers and telescope networks [9][10][11][12] using entangled quantum states (see also [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]). Current experimental capabilities (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Optimal distributed sensing in noisy environments

Sekatski

Wölk

Dür

2020

Phys. Rev. Research

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We consider distributed sensing of non-local quantities. We introduce quantum enhanced protocols to directly measure any (scalar) field with a specific spatial dependence by placing sensors at appropriate positions and preparing a spatially distributed entangled quantum state. Our scheme has optimal Heisenberg scaling and is completely unaffected by noise on other processes with different spatial dependence than the signal. We consider both Fisher and Bayesian scenarios, and design states and settings to achieve optimal scaling. We explicitly demonstrate how to measure coefficients of spatial Taylor and Fourier series, and show that our approach can offer an exponential advantage as compared to strategies that do not make use of entanglement between different sites.Introduction.-High precision measurements of physical quantities are of fundamental importance in all branches of physics and beyond. Quantum metrology offers a quadratic scaling advantage over a classical approach, and has hence received tremendous attention in recent years. Most of the effort has concentrated on local estimation problems, where an unknown quantity such as field strength or frequency should be measured. Optimal schemes have been designed for different kinds of estimation problems, and demonstrated experimentally [1][2][3].In many physical problems, the quantity of interest is however not a local property, but has a characteristic spatial dependence such as e.g. the gradient (or higher moment) of a field, or a (spatial) Fourier coefficient. In this case, multiple measurements performed at different positions are required, i.e. one uses distributed sensors or sensor networks. Such distributed sensors also allow one to increase resolution e.g. in classical imaging, where baseline telescopes are used. Recently quantum sensor networks have been introduced, and shown to offer an advantage in several problems: to measure field gradients [4][5][6], to increase the accuracy of atomic clocks [7,8], or of interferometers and telescope networks [9-12] using entangled quantum states (see also [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]). Current experimental capabilities (e.g. [24][25][26]) already allow the implementation of quantum sensor networks on the scale of a lab, and with the emergence of quantum networks [27,28] large scale sensor networks shall become a promising application and a real possibility in the near future. General quantum sensor networks are based on distributed multipartite entangled quantum states, and in addition to optimizing states, measurements and strategies also the positioning of sensors can be varied and optimized. Surprisingly, distributed entanglement between remote sensors does not necessarily help in the absence of noise and many repetitions (i.e. Fisher regime) when multiple quantities should be determined simultaneously [13,[29][30][31]. However, the practical applicability, in particular in the presence of noise and imperfections, is largely unexplored.Here we introduce quantum enhanced protocols to directly...

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“…Of particular importance is the distribution and storage of entanglement. Such entangled quantum states do not have a classical analog, and offer various applications ranging from quantum cryptography and conference key agreement to distributed metrology and distributed quantum computation [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delocalized information in quantum networks

Miguel-Ramiro

Dür

2020

New J. Phys.

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We consider entanglement-based quantum networks where information is stored in a delocalized way within regions or the whole network. This offers a natural protection against failure of network nodes, loss and decoherence, and has built-in security features. Quantum information is transmitted within the network by performing local measurements on individual nodes only. Information can be localized within regions or at a specific node by collaborative actions using only entanglement within a region, or sometimes even without entanglement. We discuss several examples based on error correction stabilizer codes, Dicke states and correlation space encodings. We show how to design fully functional networks using encoded states or correlation space resources. the approach we follow here the failure of one (or several) individual nodes may have only a very limited influence, thereby minimizing the influence of network node failures. (ii) With respect to security of the stored information, the accessible information per node is bounded and can be made arbitrarily small. This implies that multiple nodes need to cooperate in order to access the information, while it is protected against malicious parties. In this context it is also interesting to note that the entanglement shared between an individual party and the rest of the network can be small [33], significantly less than one ebit. (iii) Since information is no longer stored in its bare form, one has to think of encoding, decoding and processing of information. Ideally, this should be done by local operations on individual nodes only, however it may also require some (restricted) amount of shared entanglement. In fact we find that processing of information, in particular transport among an entanglement-based network, is always possible using local operations only [34,35].We consider two different scenarios: (a) storage networks, where quantum information is stored in a distributed way among all or multiple nodes, and (b) generic networks with full functionality, including transport, that are comprised of different connected regions. Each region consists of multiple network nodes and corresponds to a single logical qubit. Regarding (a), we analyze several kind of encodings, where the logical basis states are given by codewords of error correction stabilizer codes, Dicke states [36][37][38], or resource states that have been discussed in the context of quantum computation in correlation space [33][34][35]. The usage of error correction codes for storage is well known and has been widely discussed. Such an approach offers protection against noise or loss, however requires active error correction. When used in a distributed scenario as we consider here, entanglement or non-local operations are required to detect and correct errors. Dicke state encodings in contrast have passive, built in protection features. Even without active error correction, quantum information is only slightly disturbed by loss, decoherence and node failures of a restricted amount of parties. Furtherm...

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Optical Interferometry with Quantum Networks

Cited by 130 publications

References 53 publications

Resolving starlight: a quantum perspective

Resolving starlight: a quantum perspective

Optimal distributed sensing in noisy environments

Delocalized information in quantum networks

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