Optical Interrogation of Aromatic Moieties in Crude Oils and Asphaltenes

Mullins, Oliver C.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1615-0_2

Cited by 59 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The origin of the exponential feature is electronic excitation from aromatic chromophores in asphaltenes, which also, for this sample set, seems to follow the Urbach phenomenon where the tail in the optical absorption coefficient a ¼ a o exp(hn/E o ) can be explained by the photon energy (hn) and the Urbach width E o . Crude oil 15 exhibited a magnitude of the Urbach width of 2317 cm 21 which is within the range (one SD) reported for crude oils by Mullins: [48] 2162 + 260 cm 21 .…”

Section: Near-infrared Spectroscopysupporting

confidence: 50%

“…The drag force was corrected for internal circulation induced in the droplet. Chiesa et al [48] modeled the electric forces acting on the water droplets as a function of their separation with expressions for the surface charge distribution by Davis. [54] For a system of two droplets, analytical expressions can account for the droplet kinematics in an electrical field.…”

Section: Modeling the Stability Of W/o Emulsionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Now, the origin of the exponential feature can be verified. In the spirit of Mullins [48] the average spectra from Figure 6 is plotted on a logarithmic ordinate axis against wavenumbers in Figure 7. The similarity in the spectra is much more striking in this figure due to identical slopes in the electronic absorption edge.…”

Section: Near-infrared Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stability of Water/Crude Oil Systems Correlated to the Physicochemical Properties of the Oil Phase

Hannisdal

Hemmingsen

Silset

et al. 2007

Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology

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A characterization of 30 crude oils has been performed to determine the relative level of influence that individual parameters have over the overall stability of w/o emulsions. The crude oils have been analyzed with respect to bulk and interfacial properties and the characteristics of their w/o emulsions. The parameters include compositional properties, acidity, spectroscopic signatures in the infrared and near-infrared region, density, viscosity, molecular weight, interfacial tension, dilational relaxation, droplet size distribution, and stability to gravitationally and electrically induced separation. As expected, a strong covariance between several physicochemical properties was found. Near-infrared spectroscopy proved to be an effective tool for crude oil analysis. In particular, we have showed the importance of the hydrodynamic resistance to electrically-induced separation (static) in heavy crude oil-water emulsions. A rough estimate of the drag forces and dielectrophoretic forces seemed to capture the difference between the 30 crude oils. Given enough time, water-in-heavy oil emulsions could be destabilized even at very low electric field magnitude (d.c.). When droplets approach each other in an inhomogeneous electric field, strong dielectrophoretic forces disintegrate the films and result in coalescence. The relative contribution from film stability to the overall emulsion stability may therefore be very different in a gravitational field compared to that in an electrical field.

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Section: Near-infrared Spectroscopysupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Modeling the Stability Of W/o Emulsionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stability of Water/Crude Oil Systems Correlated to the Physicochemical Properties of the Oil Phase

Hannisdal

Hemmingsen

Silset

et al. 2007

Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology

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“…They usually gather the traces of transition metals of the whole bitumen, from a few ppm up to a few tenth of wt.% of Ni, Va, Fe,..., in the form of complexes such as metallo-porphyrins [26]. Ultra-Violet fluorescence [41,54], FTIR [41,55], X-Ray Raman spectroscopy [56] and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance [55,57,58] show that they contain fused aromatic rings, with a most probable structure corresponding to 4-10 fused rings, causing a maximum UV-fluorescence around 450 nm [54], together with some pending aliphatic chains. Average molecular structures for asphaltenes have been published [46,52,59,60], examples of which are reproduced in Fig.…”

Section: Asphaltenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The colloidal structure of bitumen: Consequences on the rheology and on the mechanisms of bitumen modification

Lesueur¹

2009

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science

1,323

710

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“…6,7,8 The use of fluorescence based methods for the characterisation of petroleum products has been widely demonstrated. Steady state fluorescence emission spectroscopy has been used to characterize bulk petroleum materials from liquid oils, both crude and refined, 9 to solid asphaltenes, 10 bitumens, 11 and kerogens. 12,13 However, steady state fluorescence measurements can be very sensitive to intensity fluctuations due to sample turbidity or source / detector instability, and inner-filter effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of chemical composition on the fluorescence lifetimes of crude petroleum oils

2003

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Fluorescence based methods are increasingly being used for the analysis of crude oils because they offer high speed, low cost, non-contact, and non-destructive testing options. The fluorescence of crude oils is due to the presence of a wide range of cyclic aromatic compounds, with the intensity and temporal behaviour of this fluorescence being directly related to chemical composition. In particular, we have found that the Fluorescence Lifetime (FL) measured at a range of different emission wavelengths is correlated with the concentrations of the aromatic and polar fractions of petroleum oils, and the density (API gravity).We have analysed 22 different crude oils from around the world with API gravities of between 10 to 50. The fluorescence steady-state emission spectra and fluorescence lifetimes at a range of emission wavelengths were measured for 380 nm excitation. It was found that the correlations between the chemical and physical characteristics of the crude oils and the measured fluorescence parameters are highly non-linear. Furthermore, there is a wide degree of scatter in the observed data for medium oils, which have similar physical properties but widely varying chemical compositions. We discuss these findings in the context of developing quantitative methods of analysis for crude petroleum oils based on fluorescence lifetime measurements.

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Optical Interrogation of Aromatic Moieties in Crude Oils and Asphaltenes

Cited by 59 publications

References 41 publications

Stability of Water/Crude Oil Systems Correlated to the Physicochemical Properties of the Oil Phase

Stability of Water/Crude Oil Systems Correlated to the Physicochemical Properties of the Oil Phase

The colloidal structure of bitumen: Consequences on the rheology and on the mechanisms of bitumen modification

Influence of chemical composition on the fluorescence lifetimes of crude petroleum oils

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