Optical layer monitoring in Passive Optical Networks (PONs): A review

Yüksel, Kıvılcım; Moeyaert, Veronique; Wuilpart, Marc; Mégret, Patrice

doi:10.1109/icton.2008.4598379

Cited by 67 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Recently, installation of FTTH technology has started to accelerate as a strong alternative to the existing broadband access technologies based on copper pairs (Digital Subscriber Line, DSL) and coax (cable modems). This worldwide acceleration is largely due to both the considerable decrease in capital expenses (CAPEX) of introducing FTTH connectivity and its "future proof" nature in providing ever increasing user bandwidth requirements (Yuksel et al, 2008). This technology ensures low operational expenditures (OPEX) due to all elements in used are the passive optical device with small number used.…”

Section: Fig 12 Oxadm Multifunctional Switchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Asymmetrical Architecture of New Optical Switch Device

Ab-Rahman

2008

2008 Fourth Advanced International Conference on Telecommunications

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Section: Fig 12 Oxadm Multifunctional Switchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Asymmetrical Architecture of New Optical Switch Device

Ab-Rahman

2008

2008 Fourth Advanced International Conference on Telecommunications

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“…Still, there are no standardised and mature monitoring methods. Ideal optical monitoring framework in PONs has the following general requirements (Yüksel et al 2008):…”

Section: Infrastructure Monitoring (Otdr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal Processing, Management and Monitoring in Transmission Networks

Vázquez

Montalvo

Ahmed

et al. 2011

Optical Transmission

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1higher, linear and non-linear fibre impairments become prominent factors affecting the signal quality. Thus, new techniques in both physical layer and network layer are necessary for mitigating impairments to accommodate high-speed traffic (Tomkos et al. 2002). On the other hand, the flexibility of modern networks with dynamic and distributed management, where lightpaths can be dynamically and automatically assigned end-to-end, increases the risk of changing path conditions that affect signal quality and consequently quality of service (QoS) over the lifetime of a connection as well as for subsequent connection set-up requests (on-demand routing and wavelength assignment -RWA). For traditional connection provisioning an ideal physical layer, ignoring transmission impairments (Chlamtac et al. 1992) could be assumed because the implicit per hop regeneration (optics-to-electronics-to-optics conversion -O/E/O) compensated signal impairments hop-by-hop in a rather static manner (section commissioning). For end-to-end all-optically switched connections using photonic cross-connect switches (PXC), the conditions change and common practice is not applicable. Anyhow, intelligent connection provisioning is an important traffic engineering problem, and minimising operational cost as well as efficiently utilising network resources is the main driver. In this context, it seems important to have flexible routing protocols that take into consideration the most relevant physical impairments, and are able to exchange messages with their values as part of the route information with others. This condition, if definitely used to calculate routing, will surely assure better success in data delivery over the network (Huang et al. 2005). Irrespective of the control architecture chosen by an operator of an optical network, the included control plane (in charge of setting up and tearing down optical circuits; also known as lightpaths) needs to have a proper set of tools to satisfyingly deal with physical impairments. The most essential tools are: optical signal monitoring, signal processing and impairment compensation techniques (each all-optically and/or electrically). With the help of these tools, it is possible to predict the QoT (quality of transmission) attainable for a lightpath at a given time (i.e. the latest network-wide monitoring instant), and the control plane can route requests across the network

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“…Fiber-To-The-x (FTTx, where 'x' can be home, building and the like) has become the ultimate broadband access technology, outclassing copper cables (Digital Subscriber Lines) and coaxial cables (cable modems) (Hutcheson, 2008) (Yuksel et al, 2008). The increasing demand for advanced multimedia services (e.g., high definition television), corporate broadband applications (e.g., videoconferencing), high-speed internet access and many others has become the key driver for the deployment of FTTx (Hutcheson, 2008), (Lee et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%