Optical limiting with soluble two-photon absorbing quadrupoles: Structure–property relationships

Enhanced Two‐Photon Absorption of Organic Chromophores: Theoretical and Experimental Assessments

“…It is particularly interesting to observe that quadrupole q 1 has also been shown to lead to the strongest optical limiting efficiency in the visible region. [57] This optical limiting efficiency in the green region might indeed be related to enhanced twophoton absorption.…”

“…A large body of experimental data is available for many families of quadrupolar systems. [3,33,36,57,58,63,76,78,81,85,86,[89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107] Their nonlinear response is a non-trivial function of terminal donor and acceptor strength, π-conjugated bridge length and type, nature of the conjugated core, torsional disorder, symmetry and topology. [58] In this subsection we exemplify some of these relationships using two different families of quadrupoles to derive general trends in terms of TPA cross sections and peak positions.…”

“…Quadrupoles have been found to be more efficient than dipoles in terms of TPA, in particular for multiphoton-based opticallimiting applications. [33,36,57] In turn, exploitation of intermolecular interactions through branching strategies and the supramolecular approaches offers even more possibilities to tune or enhance TPA properties. This has already been demonstrated for branched chromophores built from the gathering of either dipolar [108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123] or quadrupolar [97,102,[124][125][126] sub-chromophores via common conjugated core moieties and multichromophore structures in which subchromophores interact only via electrostatic interactions.…”

“…Thereby, attention has progressively moved from the well-known push-pull dipolar molecular structures [34,41,[75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88] to quadrupoles [3,33,36,57,58,63,76,78,81,85,86,[89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107] and, more recently, toward complex molecular architectures. Quadrupoles have been found to be more efficient than dipoles in terms of TPA, in particular for multiphoton-based opticallimiting applications.…”

Light Emission Properties of a Cross-Conjugated Fluorene Polymer: Demonstration of Its Use in Electro-Luminescence and Lasing Devices

“…Fluorene-based polymers are also under active research for other applications such as: organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells [15,16], two-and three-photon absorption phenomena [17][18][19][20], multiphoton fluorescence and imaging [21], two-photon micro-fabrication [22,23], optical power limiting [24,25] and optical data storage [26]. On the other hand, cross-conjugated compounds are relatively unexplored as active materials in optoelectronic or photonic devices; they can be found as quinones, radialenes, fulvalenes and fused aromatics [27].…”