Optical measurements of temperature fields in sooting flames: influence of soot self-absorption

Soot Pyrometry by Emission Measurements at Different Wavelengths in Laminar Axisymmetric Flames

“…Furthermore, the annular soot distribution at the flame base causes reconstructed temperature irregularities (see Fig. 4c and 4d) as reported by Liu et al (2013) and Wang et al (2019). These fields allow to define a confidence region (CR), where the discrepancy of the retrieved soot temperature is sufficiently small.…”

The effect of poly(oxymethylene) dimethyl ethers (PODE3) on soot formation in ethylene/PODE3 laminar coflow diffusion flames

“…The • C 3 H 3 RSR is the key species in this pathway [47,72,77]. We hypothesise that for aliphatic fuels, the C3 pathway has a high rate [79] and provides a crucial contribution to benzene formation in flames [91,77,92]. It is proposed that is this availability of C1 species and the consequent benzene formation via the C3 pathway, over and above that in the P0 flame, that is thought to be responsible for the synergistic increase in soot production in the P5 flame.…”

Structural effects of C3 oxygenated fuels on soot formation in ethylene coflow diffusion flames

“…The dopants provide a source of methyl radicals, which can react with ethynyl radicals ( • C 2 H) to form methylacetylene (C 3 H 4 ) and subsequently propargyl ( • C 3 H 3 ) RSRs via a hydrogen abstraction. The presence of C3 species also enables benzene formation via the C5+C1 pathway (involving the RSR • C 5 H 5 ) [93,110,111]. It is thought that the availability of methyl radicals and the consequent formation of ben-zene via the odd pathways, in addition to the even pathways that dominate in the C 2 H 4 flame, that is responsible for the synergistic increase in soot production in the DMM5 and DMC5 flames.…”