Optical Multiplexed Bioassays for Improved Biomedical Diagnostics

Abstract

Conventional analytical methods based on the detection of a single disease marker may not be sufficiently accurate because the progression of disease generally involves multiple chemicals and biomolecules. The drive for simultaneous analysis of multiple targets, which plays a key role in both basic biomedical research and clinical applications, demands the development of multiplexed bioassays with high‐throughput. In this minireview, we summarize the recent progress in optical multiplexed analytical techniques for improving biomedical diagnostics, in which fluorescence and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with distinctive optical features are chosen as the main readout signals. Focusing on multiplexed strategies in the biomedical field, a selection of recent contributions from biosensing of multiple analytes and multicolor cellular tracking to in vivo multiplexed bioimaging are highlighted. Finally, we frame the future challenges and opportunities for multiplexed bioanalysis.

Toward Next Generation Lateral Flow Assays: Integration of Nanomaterials

“…Given the complex physiology of many pathological states (e.g., cancer), which produce multiple different biomarkers, the ratios and concentrations of which can be indicative of disease progression, diagnostic tests should ideally measure as many clinically relevant biomarkers as possible. Information about different biomarkers can inform clinical decisions based on the needs of individual patients . This need is also extended to food, environmental, and safety applications, where the assay’s utility increases with the number of targets detected (e.g., detecting multiple pollutants at once would speed up the analysis of water quality).…”

“…Information about different biomarkers can inform clinical decisions based on the needs of individual patients. 107 This need is also extended to food, environmental, and safety applications, where the assay's utility increases with the number of targets detected (e.g., detecting multiple pollutants at once would speed up the analysis of water quality). Multiplexing is the simultaneous analysis of several analytes in a single sample and has been investigated for decades given its obvious time and sample saving potential.…”

A two-in-one Janus NIR-II AIEgen with balanced absorption and emission for image-guided precision surgery

“…Fluorescence imaging-guided cancer surgery has been demonstrated clinically to detect tiny tumor foci or the exact borders between normal and tumor tissues during surgery owing to its high sensitivity, real-time capability, absence of ionizing radiation and portability [ 4 , 5 ]. Fluorophores emitting in the near-infrared II (NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm) region have received increasing attention because of their merits for having increased tissue penetration, improved spatial resolution and high signal-to-background ratio [ [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] ]. To date, outstanding achievements have been obtained by inorganic materials, attaining enhanced brightness for biomedical applications [ [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] ].…”

Multiplexed live-cell profiling with Raman probes

“…A comprehensive understanding of fundamental biology, disease mechanisms, and drug therapeutics requires the integration of information from a large number of related pathways. Multiplexed measurements are thus attracting considerable interest in single-cell biology and systems biology [1][2][3] . In the context of single-cell analysis, mass cytometry is popular for large-scale proteomics 4 .…”