optical polarization in high energy ion-surface scattering at grazing incidence

Orientation of 1s electrons using tilted foils

“…This state would contribute to the fraction of the beam with one K electron and since it is not oriented, including it would reduce the orientation predicted by the model. This is illustrated by the curves labelled 'S = 0, 1' in figure 1 which were obtained by retaining both the singlet and triplet terms in equation (23). As expected, these show a smaller maximum orientation.…”

“…This means that ions in the 1s2p 3 P 1 level of higher-Z ions quickly decay to the ground state and enter the next foil with filled K-shells so the model is not valid in this regime. We can extend the model to higher Z by excluding the 1s2p 3 P 1 state in the sums over J 1 in equation (23). The curves labelled 'J 1 = 1' in figure 2 are the results obtained from this extended model.…”

“…Many different methods are employed for producing beams of oriented ions, such as direct optical pumping [3], scattering off of magnetic surfaces [4], transmission through magnetic layers [5,6], charge exchange in spin-polarized targets [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], transmission through tilted foils [15][16][17][18][19][20], scattering from inclined surfaces [21][22][23][24] and use of multitilted foils or surfaces [21,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Of these the least expensive and most universally applicable are the methods involving tilted foils and surfaces [32].…”

Coherence in Grazing Ion-Surface Collisions

“…From the transfer of electronic orientation via hyperfine interaction results a nuclear vector polarization (29) with (30) The coefficients of transfer C k are given in Ref. 31. In the experiments nuclear orientation up to P1 = 24% are observed, and according to the contributing terms in the first three charge states comparable nuclear orientations are found.…”

“…This large polarization can be used to perform high-resolution atomic spectroscopy and to produce polarized beams. (31) In this chapter we will concentrate on the discussion of mechanisms that cause the large coherence observed after grazing ion-surface scattering. Such a discussion needs a detailed study of the interaction processes at surfaces in general so that we first have to consider aspects of scattering and charge exchange at surfaces before we discuss polarization phenomena.…”