Optical properties and enhancement factors of the tips for apertureless near-field optics

Mehtani, Disha; Lee, N; Hartschuh, R. D.; Kisliuk, A.; Foster, Mark D.; Sokolov, Alexei P.; Cajko, F.; Tsukerman, Igor

doi:10.1088/1464-4258/8/4/s19

Cited by 65 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] It offers unique opportunities for the development of near-field optical microscopy with subwavelength resolution, [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] high-resolution lithography, 16 coupling of light into and out of photonic nanocircuits, 5,17 new sensors and detection techniques based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering, 8,[18][19][20] etc. Different metal structures have been suggested for nanofocusing of plasmons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the major features of these structures is the possibility of strong local field enhancement in regions that are much smaller than the wavelength. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]20 This opens unique opportunities for observation of nonlinear plasmonic effects and development of new sensors, for example, based on surfaceenhanced Raman scattering in metal structures with nanofocusing. 8,[18][19][20] At the same time, it is still not clear which of these structures will be most efficient in terms of achieving the largest possible local field enhancement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Local electric field enhancement during nanofocusing of plasmons by a tapered gap

et al. 2007

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We demonstrate that during plasmon nanofocusing in a tapered gap ͑V groove͒, local electric field experiences much stronger enhancement than the magnetic field. Two distinct asymptotic regimes are found near the tip of the groove: The electric field approaches either zero or infinity when dissipation is above or below a critical level ͑at a fixed taper angle͒, or taper angle is smaller or larger than a critical angle ͑at a fixed level of dissipation͒. Tapered gaps are shown to be the best option for achieving maximal field enhancement, compared to nanowedges and tapered rods. An optimal taper angle is determined.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local electric field enhancement during nanofocusing of plasmons by a tapered gap

et al. 2007

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“…It gives rise to applications in sensing, microscopy, and the efficient coupling of light to nanodevices [123,124].…”

Section: Focusing Of Surface Plasmon Polaritonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic Nanostructure Arrays Coupled with a Quantum Emitter

Rivera¹,

Silva²,

Ledemi

et al. 2014

SpringerBriefs in Physics

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In the previous chapter, we saw that a metal nanoparticle (NP) can generate localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), as a result of the resonance of free electrons on a curved surface. We also mentioned the main difference between surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) and LSPR, namely that SPPs are propagating waves, while LSPR is a nonpropagating excitation of free electrons in a metallic nanostructure coupled to an EM field. In this chapter, we will see that SPPs in restricted geometries (such as nanoantennas or nanocavities) can also generate LSPR. Nevertheless, the conditions for excitation are different. LSPR can be excited by direct application of light, whereas SPPs can be excited by matching the frequency and momentum of the excitation light and the SPPs. For example, under laser illumination, an antenna develops a strong dipole along the antenna. Charge oscillations inside each arm give rise to strong EM fields inside the feedgap of the antenna. When the antenna is resonant at optical frequencies, it can be called a resonant nanoantenna. In this case, with sufficiently close spacing with respect to a quantum emitter (QE) and nanoantenna, they can interact forming an electric dipole.On the other hand, the extremely high localized fields in plasmonic nanocavities or plasmonic resonators, although they generally have low quality factors Q, are able to confine modes to sub-wavelength volumes V. Thus, plasmonic nanocavities become much more competitive with conventional optical resonators for applications where a resonance confined to a small volume is desirable. Hence, a nanocavity can profoundly change the number of EM modes and decay pathways available to a QE, increasing or decreasing its radiative decay rate. In both cases (nanoantenna and nanocavity), we can manipulate the local density of optical states (LDOS) of the QE, and increase the efficiency of light emission from the QEs.

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“…The interested reader is referred to detailed overviews about various tip production procedures in refs. [22][23][24][25]. Electrochemically etched, pencil-shaped metal cones with a rather smooth surface seem to give the highest enhancements, but metal-coated cantilevers have also been employed in several groups.…”

Section: Choice Of Spmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying Surface Chemistry beyond the Diffraction Limit: 10 Years of TERS

2010

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The use of an illuminated scanning probe tip to greatly enhance Raman scattering from the sample underneath the tip is one of the most intriguing developments in optical spectroscopy, and the steeply increasing number of publications per year shows that chemists, physicists and biologists alike recognize the importance and great potential of this technique. With tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), one of the main goals in surface science has been achieved, namely the combination of scanning probe microscopy and optical spectroscopy such as Raman spectroscopy. Important here is the use of the tip as an optical antenna to substantially increase the emitted radiation and to simultaneously improve the optical resolution much beyond the Abbe diffraction limit. This permits the correlation of topographic and chemical information of the same surface region. The synergy of detailed insight in morphology and the chemical nature of the target species facilitates data interpretation significantly and enables characterization of interfaces at the nanometer scale. A wide variety of substrates and sample molecules have been studied with TERS since the first publication of tip-enhanced Raman spectra, and the technique has reached a first level of maturity on its 10th birthday, with TERS applications extending into various research fields from surface chemistry over biology to nanoscale physics.

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Optical properties and enhancement factors of the tips for apertureless near-field optics

Cited by 65 publications

References 40 publications

Local electric field enhancement during nanofocusing of plasmons by a tapered gap

Local electric field enhancement during nanofocusing of plasmons by a tapered gap

Plasmonic Nanostructure Arrays Coupled with a Quantum Emitter

Studying Surface Chemistry beyond the Diffraction Limit: 10 Years of TERS

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