Optical properties and stability of near-optimum WO3/Ag/WO3 multilayers for electrochromic applications

Advanced developments in nonstoichiometric tungsten oxides for electrochromic applications

“…[301][302][303] In DMD coatings, the WO 3 film may perform a dual function: It is anti-reflective for the light in a transparent state and becomes absorbent in the colored state. 293,[304][305][306][307] Furthermore, DMD bilayer or trilayer films possess optimum resistivity (>15 ), high transparency (<80%) in the visible region, lower thickness and superior flexibility. 124,125,[305][306][307] For the dual functionality the matrix design by simulations of D/M/WO 3 as Glass/ZnS (34 replacements toward the optimum design.…”

“…293,[304][305][306][307] Furthermore, DMD bilayer or trilayer films possess optimum resistivity (>15 ), high transparency (<80%) in the visible region, lower thickness and superior flexibility. 124,125,[305][306][307] For the dual functionality the matrix design by simulations of D/M/WO 3 as Glass/ZnS (34 replacements toward the optimum design. The film was produced by electron-beam gun deposition with the transparency of 57% and sheet conductivity of 9 .…”

Reactive Sputter Deposition of WO3/Ag/WO3 Film for Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)-Free Electrochromic Devices

“…The continuous increasing of ITO price motivates people to exploit new TC materials such as aluminum-doped ZnO, silver nanowire films, graphene, and dielectric–metal–dielectric (DMD) trilayer films, etc., which may be potentially substituted for ITO. Among them, WO 3 /Ag/WO 3 (WAW) trilayer film has been extensively investigated as transparent electrode for solar cells, − thin-film transistors, and organic light emission diodes. , Recently, WAW film was proposed for both TC and EC bifunctional coatings. − This ITO-free bifunctional coating could considerably reduce the cost of WO 3 -thin-film based smart windows (see the section entitled “Material Cost Analysis”, in the Supporting Information). The pioneer work on bifunctional WAW film that was reported by Leftheriotis et al revealed that the WAW (47/15/155 nm) film with a “thin” external WO 3 film was unresponsive after 200 continuous voltammetric coloring-bleaching cycles, while “thick” external layer WAW (59/15/389 nm) performed better with stabilizing to the final shape of the 500th cycle.…”

Fabrication of Graphene-Metal Transparent Conductive Nanocomposite Layers for Photoluminescence Enhancement

“…The electron mobility is of paramountimportance in that it determines the transverse extension of the current [14,15]. However, their electron mobilities are 32 cm 2 /(v s) and 69 cm 2 /(v s), which are too small to limit the lateral diffusion of the current [16,17,18]. In recent years, there have been many studies of graphene as a transparent conductive layer, but it has been found that the sheet resistance of single- layer graphene is particularly high, and the transparency of multilayer graphene has been reduced [19,20,21].…”