Optical properties and vertical extension of aged ash layers over the Eastern Mediterranean as observed by Raman lidars during the Eyjafjallajökull eruption in May 2010

Papayannis, Alexandros; Mamouri, Rodanthi-Elisavet; Amiridis, V.; Giannakaki, E.; Veselovskii, Igor; Kokkalis, Panayotis; Tsaknakis, G.; Balis, D.; Kristiansen, Nina Iren; Stohl, Andreas; Korenskiy, Mikhail; Allakhverdiev, K. R.; Huseyinoglu, M. F.; Baykara, T.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.08.037

Cited by 54 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Vice versa, in the estimation of volcanic particle mass concentrations we have to assume that interference by desert dust and marine particles can be ignored. This assumption was, for example, not fulfilled in the case of Eyjafjallajökull volcanic measurements over southeastern Europe in May 2010 (Papayannis et al, 2012). Volcanic dust and desert dust occurred simultaneously in lofted plumes and contributed to the observed coarse-mode fraction.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This particle mass profiling (PMAP) polarization lidar photometer networking (POLIPHON) method can be regarded as one of the basic techniques for detailed height-resolved profiling of optical and microphysical properties of atmospheric particles. Polarization lidars equipped not only with elastic backscatter channels but also with nitrogen Raman channels increase the potential of such a monitoring site by independently measuring vertical profiles of particle backscatter and extinction coefficients (Ansmann et al, 1992;Ansmann and Müller, 2005;Shcherbakov, 2007;Samoilova and Balin, 2008;Pornsawad et al, 2012) and by providing direct observations on the relationship between backscatter and extinction (lidar ratio) for desert dust, volcanic dust, and for layers with mixtures of dust and fine-mode particles (Mattis et al, 2002Pappalardo et al, 2004;Müller et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2008;Tesche et al, 2009aTesche et al, , 2011aWiegner et al, 2011Wiegner et al, , 2012Groß et al, 2011bGroß et al, , 2012Mona et al, 2012;Papayannis et al, 2012;Sicard et al, 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Profiling of fine and coarse particle mass: case studies of Saharan dust and Eyjafjallajökull/Grimsvötn volcanic plumes

et al. 2012

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Abstract. The polarization lidar photometer networking (POLIPHON) method introduced to separate coarse-mode and fine-mode particle properties of Eyjafjallajökull volcanic aerosols in 2010 is extended to cover Saharan dust events as well. Furthermore, new volcanic dust observations performed after the Grimsvötn volcanic eruptions in 2011 are presented. The retrieval of particle mass concentrations requires mass-specific extinction coefficients. Therefore, a review of recently published mass-specific extinction coefficients for Saharan dust and volcanic dust is given. Case studies of four different scenarios corroborate the applicability of the profiling technique: (a) Saharan dust outbreak to central Europe, (b) Saharan dust plume mixed with biomass-burning smoke over Cape Verde, and volcanic aerosol layers originating from (c) the Eyjafjallajökull eruptions in 2010 and (d) the Grimsvötn eruptions in 2011. Strong differences in the vertical aerosol layering, aerosol mixing, and optical properties are observed for the different volcanic events.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Profiling of fine and coarse particle mass: case studies of Saharan dust and Eyjafjallajökull/Grimsvötn volcanic plumes

et al. 2012

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“…The first of these events mainly influenced western Europe, from Great Britain to the Iberian Peninsula (Pappalardo et al, 2013), while the second travelled over Ireland and Great Britain and reached central Europe (Bukowiecki et al, 2011;Hervo et al, 2012). Volcanic layers were observed in the central and eastern Mediterranean area, including Greece and Turkey, in the days from 18 to 22 May Papayannis et al, 2012).…”

Section: Plume Transport Towards Northern Italy and Data Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ physical and chemical characterisation of the Eyjafjallajökull aerosol plume in the free troposphere over Italy

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Continuous measurements of physical and chemical properties at the Mt. Cimone (Italy) GAW-WMO (Global Atmosphere Watch, World Meteorological Organization) Global Station (2165 m a.s.l.) have allowed the detection of the volcanic aerosol plume resulting from the Eyjafjallajökull (Iceland) eruption of spring 2010. The event affected the Mt. Cimone site after a transport over a distance of more than 3000 km. Two main transport episodes were detected during the eruption period, showing a volcanic fingerprint discernible against the free tropospheric background conditions typical of the site, the first from April 19 to 21 and the second from 18 to 20 May 2010. This paper reports the modification of aerosol characteristics observed during the two episodes, both characterised by an abrupt increase in fine and, especially, coarse mode particle number.Analysis of major, minor and trace elements by different analytical techniques (ionic chromatography, particle induced X-ray emission-particle induced gamma-ray emission (PIXE-PIGE) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)) were performed on aerosols collected by ground-level discrete sampling. The resulting database allows the characterisation of aerosol chemical composition during the volcanic plume transport and in background conditions. During the passage of the volcanic plume, the fine fraction was dominated by sulphates, denoting the secondary origin of this mode, mainly resulting from in-plume oxidation of volcanic SO 2 . By contrast, the coarse fraction was characterised by increased concentration of numerous elements of crustal origin, such as Fe, Ti, Mn, Ca, Na, and Mg, which enter the composition of silicate minerals. Data analysis of selected elements (Ti, Al, Fe, Mn) allowed the estimation of the volcanic plume's contribution to total PM 10 , resulting in a local enhancement of up to 9.5 µg m −3 , i.e. 40 % of total PM 10 on 18 May, which was the most intense of the two episodes. These results appear significant, especially in light of the huge distance of Mt. Cimone from the source, confirming the widespread diffusion of the Eyjafjallajökull ashes over Europe.

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“…Emeis et al (2011) found from remote sensing data and numerical simulations that the first volcanic ash layer reached Germany on 16 April. The volcanic ash was detected in clear layers above Switzerland starting from 17 April (Bukowiecki et al, 2011), above southern Italy from 19 April (Madonna et al, 2010;Mona et al, 2012), and over Greece after 21 April (Papayannis et al, 2012). The spatiotemporal distribution of the volcanic ash over Europe has been investigated extensively by EARLINET, the European Aerosol Research LIdar NETwork, which performed almost continuous measurements from 15 April to 22 May 2010 (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spatiotemporal distribution of the volcanic ash over Europe has been investigated extensively by EARLINET, the European Aerosol Research LIdar NETwork, which performed almost continuous measurements from 15 April to 22 May 2010 (e.g. Ansmann et al, 2010;Wiegner et al, 2012;Gasteiger et al, 2011;Groß et al, 2011;Mona et al, 2012;Papayannis et al, 2012). Lidar instruments are well suited to observe aerosol layers at higher altitudes and can provide information about their vertical structure and development with time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of measurements and model simulations to characterize Eyjafjallajökull volcanic aerosols over south-eastern Italy

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Volcanic aerosols resulting from the Eyjafjallajökull eruption were detected in south-eastern Italy from 20 to 22 April 2010, at a distance of approximately 4000 km from the volcano, and have been characterized by lidar, sun/sky photometer, and surface in-situ measurements. Volcanic particles added to the pre-existing aerosol load and measurement data allow quantifying the impact of volcanic particles on the aerosol vertical distribution, lidar ratios, the aerosol size distribution, and the ground-level particulate-matter concentrations. Lidar measurements reveal that backscatter coefficients by volcanic particles were about one order of magnitude smaller over south-eastern Italy than over Central Europe. Mean lidar ratios at 355 nm were equal to 64 ± 5 sr inside the volcanic aerosol layer and were characterized by smaller values (47 ±2 sr) in the underlying layer on 20 April, 19:30 UTC. Lidar ratios and their dependence with the height reduced in the following days, mainly because of the variability of the volcanic particle contributions. Size distributions from sun/sky photometer measurements reveal the presence of volcanic particles with radii r > 0.5 µm on 21 April and that the contribution of coarse volcanic particles increased from 20 to 22 April. The aerosol fine mode fraction from sun/sky photometer measurements varied between values of 0.85 and 0.94 on 20 April and decreased to values between 0.25 and 0.82 on 22 April. Surface measurements of particle size distributions were in good accordance with column averaged particle size distributions from sun/sky photometer measurements. PM 1 /PM 2.5 mass concentration ratios of 0.69, 0.66, and 0.60 on 20, 21, and 22 April, respectively, support the increase of super-micron particles at ground. Measurements from the Regional Air Quality Agency show that PM 10 mass concentrations on 20, 21, and 22 April 2010 were enhanced in the entire Apulia Region. More specifically, PM 10 mass concentrations have on average increased over Apulia Region 22 %, 50 %, and 28 % on 20, 21, and 22 April, respectively, compared to values on 19 April. Finally, the comparison of measurement data with numerical simulations by the FLEXPART dispersion model demonstrates the ability of FLEXPART to model the advection of the volcanic ash over the 4000 km from the Eyjafjallajökull volcano to Southern Italy.

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Optical properties and vertical extension of aged ash layers over the Eastern Mediterranean as observed by Raman lidars during the Eyjafjallajökull eruption in May 2010

Cited by 54 publications

References 41 publications

Profiling of fine and coarse particle mass: case studies of Saharan dust and Eyjafjallajökull/Grimsvötn volcanic plumes

Profiling of fine and coarse particle mass: case studies of Saharan dust and Eyjafjallajökull/Grimsvötn volcanic plumes

In situ physical and chemical characterisation of the Eyjafjallajökull aerosol plume in the free troposphere over Italy

Integration of measurements and model simulations to characterize Eyjafjallajökull volcanic aerosols over south-eastern Italy

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