“…Since bismuth has a large ionic radius and strong polarity, that make it hard to dope into crystals with rigorous lattice structure, the emission of Bi-doped crystals is reported relatively late, and these crystals always have cations with large radius, such as RbPb 2 Cl 5 [17], α-BaB 2 O 4 [18], BaF 2 [19], Ba 2 P 2 O 7 [20] and CsI [21]. The NIR emission related to bismuth has also been demonstrated in other materials, such as glass-ceramics [22,23], zeolites [24,25], and even polymer layers [26,27].…”