Optical Properties of Energetic Materials: RDX, HMX, AP, NC/NG, and HTPB

Isbell, R. A.; Brewster, M. Q.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-4087(199808)23:4<218::aid-prep218>3.0.co;2-a

Cited by 55 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The surface reflectivity was estimated to be 0.15 based on a measurement at 10.6 µm (Ref. 17). The results for the lower boundary of the go/no-go region are reasonably predicted.…”

Section: Comparison With Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Figure 18 shows a comparison with first-light results reported for CO 2 laser ignition of HMX at 1 atm by Ali et al 19 The optical properties were again taken as K a = 5760 cm −1 and 15% reflectivity. 17 A surface temperature estimate (550 K) was used to approximate firstlight emission. The go/no-go corridor is also included to show the relative location of the predicted modeling ignition regions.…”

Section: Comparison With Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiative Ignition and Extinction Dynamics of Energetic Solids

Weber

Brewster

Tang

2005

Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer

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The role of heat transfer in radiant ignition/extinction behavior of homogeneous energetic solids has been studied computationally. A model has been developed based on simplified chemical kinetics, unsteady heat transfer processes in the solid phase, and quasi-steady heat transfer in the gas phase. The general behavior of ignition and extinction dynamics for a spatially uniform incident radiant flux has been simulated and explained in terms of unsteady heat transfer phenomena. Two critical heat flux levels for the incident radiation are identified. For fluxes between the critical values, there is an ignition corridor with upper and a lower limits on the allowable time for radiation exposure to achieve ignition. Below the lower critical flux there is no upper limit on the allowable exposure time to achieve ignition. Above the upper critical flux, stable ignition (self-sustained combustion on removal of the radiant flux) is not possible, that is, the ignition corridor becomes vanishingly small. The model explains the ignition corridor in terms of unsteady conductive, advective, and in-depth radiative heat transfer processes in the solid and quasi-steady conductive/advective processes in the gas-phase flame zone. Comparison is made with experimental data for go/no-go ignition behavior of cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine (HMX). Nomenclature A c= condensed-phase kinetic preexponential factor B g = modified gas-phase kinetic preexponential factor C = specific heat of condensed phase, C p for gas E c = activation energy of condensed-phase decomposition E g = gas-phase activation energy F c,g = Zeldovich-Novozhilov functions f r = fraction of q r absorbed below surface reaction zone, exp(−K a X R ) f s = surface temperature gradient on condensed side K a = absorption coefficient of condensed phase k c,g = thermal conductivity L * = characteristic length defined by the ratio of free chamber volume to nozzle throat area m = mass flux P = pressure Q c,g = chemical heat release (positive exothermic) q c = conductive heat feedback to condensed phase q crit = critical heat fluxes for upper boundary of ignition corridor (low and high) q r = radiant heat flux R = universal gas constant r b = burning rate T = temperature T chem = temperature at which condensed-phase chemical reaction modeling begins T 0a = apparent initial temperature t = time X C = solid conduction zone length scale, α c /r b X R = surface reaction zone length scale X rad = absorption length scale, 1/K a x = coordinate normal to surface, positive into gas phase α c = thermal diffusivity in condensed phase

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“…The surface reflectivity was estimated to be 0.15 based on a measurement at 10.6 µm (Ref. 17). The results for the lower boundary of the go/no-go region are reasonably predicted.…”

Section: Comparison With Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Comparison With Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiative Ignition and Extinction Dynamics of Energetic Solids

Weber

Brewster

Tang

2005

Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer

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“…19 Therefore, the thermal decomposition characteristics of FOX-7, including its decomposition temperatures, activation energy and reaction rates, are believed to have great inuences on the combustion properties of FOX-7-containing propellants. 17,[20][21][22][23][24] In addition, the development of compounds that could adjust the thermal decomposition behavior of FOX-7 is essential to optimize the combustion properties of solid propellants with FOX-7 as an energetic component. [25][26][27][28] In the past two decades, the thermal decomposition of FOX-7 has been extensively studied by taking advantages of the catalytic activity of single-metal oxides and composite oxides, including Fe 2 O 3 , 29 The compounds based on the Schiff bases with various structures, possess many interesting properties including catalytic, magnetic and biological properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of metal–organic complex Ni(Salen) on thermal decomposition of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7)

Yang

Zhao

et al. 2020

RSC Adv.

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“…There are two motivations for this study. First, optical spectroscopy can be a useful method for analysis of energetic material properties [3]. Second, there is interest in laser-ignition or laser-initiation of nano-energetic materials [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near‐Infrared and Visible Absorption Spectroscopy of Nano‐Energetic Materials Containing Aluminum and Boron

Yang

Wang²,

Sun

et al. 2005

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Near-infrared and visible absorption spectra are measured for nano-energetic materials consisting of thirteen different types of Al or B nano-particles in the 30 nm to 1 mm size range embedded in nitrocellulose or Teflon oxidizers, using an integrating sphere absorption spectrometer. The Al nano-particle absorption is generally similar to the spectra of bulk Al, but the absorption strength is size-dependent and up to twelve times more intense. Absorption coefficients are determined as a function of nanoparticle loading. For Al particles where the size is known, per particle cross sections are also determined. The ratio of cross section to volume decreases with increasing particle size. The implications of these measurements for nano-sized energetic material analysis and for laser-ignition experiments are briefly discussed.

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Optical Properties of Energetic Materials: RDX, HMX, AP, NC/NG, and HTPB

Cited by 55 publications

References 12 publications

Radiative Ignition and Extinction Dynamics of Energetic Solids

Radiative Ignition and Extinction Dynamics of Energetic Solids

Effects of metal–organic complex Ni(Salen) on thermal decomposition of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7)

Near‐Infrared and Visible Absorption Spectroscopy of Nano‐Energetic Materials Containing Aluminum and Boron

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