Optical properties of heavy metal oxide glasses before and after g‐irradiation

Sharma, G.; Thind, Kulwant Singh; Monika, .; Singh, Harpal; Manupriya, _; Gerward, L.

doi:10.1002/pssa.200622124

Cited by 40 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…[129][130][131][132][133][134][135] Requirements for these glasses are in general similar to that for nonlinear optics: a HMO glass is needed for a good attenuation factor, but moderate concentrations of traditional network formers (B 2 O 3 and SiO 2 ) are allowed, facilitating fabrication of the thick parts needed for good shielding.…”

Section: C-ray Protection Glassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[131][132][133]135 Significant darkening in the short wavelength portion of the visible spectrum was observed after 2?5 kGy from 60 Co, but no systematic trend versus composition was observed for Bi 2 Co. 132 Although these latter results are very encouraging, systematic studies of the mechanisms of radiation induced damage and of the good resistance against it of some glasses, including doping/impurity effects, still need to be carried out to reliably achieve low darkening Bi based glasses.…”

Section: C-ray Protection Glassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(i) lead 'crystal' glass 89 (ii) glasses for nuclear waste immobilisation 6,[95][96][97][98] (iii) leaded CRT tube glass 89 (iv) superconductor synthesis, bulk or film, via the glass-ceramic route 39,[99][100][101][102][103][104][105] (v) heavy metal oxide (HMO) glasses with high refraction indices and far infrared (IR) transmission for optical devices and communications 36, (vi) HMO glasses for gamma radiation shielding [129][130][131][132][133][134][135] Main performance criteria…”

Section: Introduction Low Melting Glasses In Electronics and Other Apmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…253,315 Bi based oxide glasses are already making strong inroads in commercial architectural 33 and automotive overglazes, 48 as well as TF compositions (Table 5). Besides these lead free substitutes, Bi 2 O 3 based HMO glasses have found potential applications, partly together with PbO, in nuclear physics (scintillators, c-ray shielding windows), [129][130][131][132][133][134][135] optics, 36,[106][107][108][109][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128] magnetic materials 316 and glass-ceramic+ semi/superconductors. [99][100][101][102] However, in spite of their significance, compositions based on Bi 2 O 3 have drawn only scant attention, if mentioned at all, in classical 'mainstream' reviews of glasses.…”

Section: Bismuth Glasses Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Bi₂O₃ based glasses for electronics and related applications

Maeder

2013

International Materials Reviews

154

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The present work critically reviews the scientific and patent literature on low melting bismuth based oxide glass frits in materials for electronics, sensors and related applications such as sealing glasses, solar cells, architectural and automotive glass, the main motivation being to replace lead based materials by environmentally more benign ones. Due to similar glass forming properties of Bi and Pb, Bi based glasses are the closest 'drop-in' alternative for lead bearing formulations, and are therefore actually replacing them in many applications, helped also by previous experience with Bi containing materials in thick film technology and component metallisations. The outstanding issues are discussed, e.g. matching the lowest processing temperatures achieved by the classical lead based glasses without sacrificing durability and stability, as well as stability versus chemical reduction. Finally, consideration is also given to special 'heavy' glasses (often containing Bi and Pb together) that are useful in fields such as optics, superconductors and nuclear technology, as well as to specific Bi 2 O 3 containing crystalline compounds.Keywords: Glasses, Bismuth, Bi 2 O 3 , Electronics, Optics, Thick film technology, Sensors Introduction Low melting glasses in electronics and other applicationsAs for ceramics, inorganic glasses, glass-ceramic and glaze materials have long gone beyond their traditional uses to address a wide array of modern technological challenges, Owing to performance and cost criteria, most standard glasses have relatively high softening points. However, there are many technological applications where a low softening temperature is required, in order to lower energy expenditure, avoid damaging devices in contact with the glass during processing or ensure compatibility with other materials:(i) hermetic sealing of packages, lamps, electrical feedthroughs and semiconductor devices 13,14,16,17,19,44,45 (ii) hermetic sealing and mechanical attachment of sensors 23,27 ( Fig. 1) (iii) encapsulation of semiconductor devices 29,30 (iv) overglazing of automotive, packaging and architectural glass 33,34,[46][47][48] (v) photovoltaic (PV) solar cell technology -conductors and contacts 42,43,[49][50][51][52][53] (vi) enamelling of aluminium in architecture and home appliances 35,[54][55][56][57][58] (vii) thick film (TF) electronics and other devices 21,22,24,25,27,59 (Fig. 1, the section on 'PbO in low melting frits and TF technology'); especially, special low firing compositions for fabrication of circuits and sensors on glass or metals. 1,28,[66][67][68][69][70][71][72] For these applications, glasses are often formulated as frits (e.g. finely divided powder), which may be applied, dispersed in a suitable medium, onto a substrate by various methods such as slip casting, screen printing, roller/curtain coating, spraying, dispensing and electrophoresis, or as preforms for sealing. Classically, the aforementioned applications have to a great extent used lead based glasses, which have a rather unique combinat...

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Section: C-ray Protection Glassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: C-ray Protection Glassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction Low Melting Glasses In Electronics and Other Apmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bismuth Glasses Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Bi₂O₃ based glasses for electronics and related applications

Maeder

2013

International Materials Reviews

154

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“…low dielectric constant, relatively low dielectric loss, and good radiation shielding for γ-rays can be synthesized [12][13][14][15]. These glasses exhibit a high refractive index, widely adjustable in the range from 1.8 to 2.5 by the appropriate glass composition and have high energy gap attributable to the high polarizability of Bi 2 O 3 which allows using them in wide spectra range from UV up to infrared [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Analysis of Some Alkali Diborate Glasses

et al. 2009

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This manuscript presents a theoretical analysis of the correlation between the computed bulk modulus and the structure of a series of multicomponent sodium diborate based glasses in terms of the bond compression model. The main parameters in the analysis were the computed elastic moduli, the average stretching force constant and the average atomic ring size. These parameters were calculated for every glass series and for every glass composition. The results showed that the average force constant and the elastic moduli of these glasses are sensitive to the decrease in the sodium diborate content. This behaviour was attributed to the increase in the molar volume, and to the role of the different modifiers.

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Mechanical, dielectric and optical assessment of glass composites prepared using milling technique

Kaur¹,

Pickrell²,

Kumar

et al. 2015

Bull Mater Sci

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In the present investigation, mechanical and spectroscopic properties of glass composites have been investigated. The glass composites have been prepared by the milling technique instead of using any filler particle. Due to the presence of different alkaline earth modifiers in composites, marked difference in their strength and optical properties is observed. The band gap, Urbach energy and the extinction coefficient of the glass composites have been calculated using UV-visible spectroscopy. Moreover, the real and imaginary dielectric constants have also been calculated for all the composites in addition to the Weibull statistics and cumulative probability of failure. The results have been discussed in light of comparison between the glass composites and the individual glasses. The mechanical and optical properties indicate marked effect on the mechanical strength, band gap and Urbach energy for glass composites as compared with the individual glasses. Keywords. Glasses; mechanical properties; optical properties.

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Optical properties of heavy metal oxide glasses before and after g‐irradiation

Cited by 40 publications

References 32 publications

Review of Bi₂O₃ based glasses for electronics and related applications

Review of Bi₂O₃ based glasses for electronics and related applications

Structural Analysis of Some Alkali Diborate Glasses

Mechanical, dielectric and optical assessment of glass composites prepared using milling technique

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Optical properties of heavy metal oxide glasses before and after g‐irradiation

Cited by 40 publications

References 32 publications

Review of Bi2O3 based glasses for electronics and related applications

Review of Bi2O3 based glasses for electronics and related applications

Structural Analysis of Some Alkali Diborate Glasses

Mechanical, dielectric and optical assessment of glass composites prepared using milling technique

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Product

Resources

About

Review of Bi₂O₃ based glasses for electronics and related applications

Review of Bi₂O₃ based glasses for electronics and related applications