Optical properties of lithium niobate crystals

Syuy, Alexander V.; Сидоров, Н. В.; Палатников, М. Н.; Teplyakova, N. А.; Shtarev, Dmitry S.; Prokopiv, Nikolay N.

doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.10.136

Cited by 31 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[48,49] It should be noted that the bandgap obtained here (4.8493 eV indirect, 4.8707 eV direct) is significantly wider than the observed optical absorption cutoff of 3.5 or 3.9-4.3 eV reported by different authors. [50][51][52][53] Our calculated value is also significantly larger than those found in most other calculations based on DFT with LDA-or GGA-type functionals. However, the optic absorption actually measures exciton absorption (usually 0.5-1.0 eV smaller than E g for wide-bandgap dielectrics, [54] and reference therein) or defect-induced levels in the bandgap and only GW correction to the GGA-type calculation can give a reasonable true single-particle bandgap as recently discussed by Thierfeld et al, [24] where Eg was found to be 4.71 eV, pretty close to our calculated value here.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 71%

Vibrational Spectra and Electro‐Optic Effect of Ferroelectric LiNbO₃Crystal

2023

Physica Status Solidi (b)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Though being vitally important in telecommunications and modern technology, the basic optic and especially electro‐optic (EO) properties of ferroelectric LiNbO3 crystal (LN) studied from high‐accuracy first‐principles calculation are still not satisfactory. Herein, the electronic structure and vibrational spectra of LN are calculated by the CRYSTAL program. With a hybrid B3LYP functional, the bandgap of 4.8473 eV, refractive indices of no = 2.2339, ne = 2.1440, and nonlinear optical coefficients of d11 = 2.1 pm V−1, d31 = −4.35 pm V−1, and d33 = −27.2 pm V−1 are obtained. It is found that the phonon vibrations are asymmetric along especially the polar axis and the numerically calculated frequencies are strongly dependent on displacement parameters chosen. By averaging displacements to both the positive and negative directions, the obtained vibrational frequencies show excellent agreement to the measured ones except in the range of 320–370 cm−1 where the assignments of the observed ones are in dispute due to extreme low spectral intensities. Based on the calculated vibrational spectra, the clamped dielectric constants of and and clamped EO coefficients of = 27.08 pm V−1, = 9.60 pm V−1, = −5.14 pm V−1, and = 16.90 pm V−1 are obtained.

show abstract

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 71%

Vibrational Spectra and Electro‐Optic Effect of Ferroelectric LiNbO₃Crystal

2023

Physica Status Solidi (b)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Silicon on insulator (SOI), Indium Phosphide (InP), Silicon Nitride (SiN), and Lithium Niobate (LN) are wellknown materials used in the development of this technology. The latter is highlighted as a prominent material due to its inherent properties, including strong second-order nonlinearity, wide transparency windows, and small index difference, [5,6] .These outstanding material properties tremendously impact the development of on-chip integrated photonic technology, making the promise for LN devices to eventually replace the bulky conventional off-chip systems. On top of that, the LN ability to inherently generate entangled photon pairs makes it a prominent material for quantum information applications such as quantum cryptographic systems, [7] teleportation [8] and entanglement swapping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zero Birefringence Condition in Lithium Niobate on Insulator Rib Waveguides

Yusof,

Ali,

Kolenderski

et al. 2023

Advcd Theory and Sims

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Birefringence, quantified as the maximum effective index difference of two orthogonally polarized modes, is one of the key characteristics of Lithium Niobate on Insulator (LNOI) waveguide devices. As LNOI optical properties strongly depend on the polarization of the propagating light beam, achieving the zero‐birefringence condition (ZBC) is highly desired. In this work, a rib LNOI waveguide is designed, and the influence of geometrical dimensions on the birefringence is characterized. From the result, the slab's height is found to be the dominant geometrical factor that significantly contributes to the birefringence, with an optimum slab's height found at 50 nm. For this optimized value, the influence of width and wavelength on birefringence are characterized. The analysis is extended to investigate the properties of group indices that can result in the temporal walk‐off phenomenon. This phenomenon can significantly impact the performance of single‐photon devices, as it can cause a polarization mismatch between the incident photon and the polarization properties of the medium, resulting in reduced efficiency of devices such as single‐photon detectors. In the analysis, the zero birefringence and walk‐off are achieved at narrow waveguide width, 𝑤 of 250 nm and wavelength, = 1500 nm, which is within the telecommunication region band.

show abstract

“…Currently, a few researchers are turning their attention to optical crystals as substrates, with graphene/LiNbO 3 structures being one of the most promising combinations. LiNbO 3 , also known as the optical 'silicon' material [17][18][19], is an artificial crystal that has a wide range of optical applications and exhibits the characteristics of ferroelectric, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, photovoltaic, photoelastic, and photorefractive [20][21][22]. Its interaction with graphene has the potential to change the quantum properties of two-dimensional nanomaterials, resulting in new photoelectric properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct graphene synthesis on LiNbO₃ substrate by C implantation on Cu covering layer

Lu²,

Liu³

et al. 2022

Mater. Res. Express

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We directly synthesized multi-layer graphene with an area of several hundred square microns on the lithium niobate (LN, LiNbO3) substrate by Carbon (C) implantation into the copper (Cu)-covered LiNbO3. The energy of C ion implantation was optimized per SRIM simulation to ensure that the distribution of C covers the Cu/LiNbO3 interface. The optimized energy was established at 55 keV, such that the formation of C peaks in the respective materials on each side of the Cu/LiNbO3 interface. The diffusion of the accumulated C to the Cu/LiNbO3 interface can form a more uniform C distribution at the interface, which is beneficial to the synthesis of graphene. Following the annealing process and removal of the Cu coating, a multi-layer graphene with an area of several hundred square microns on the surface of LiNbO3 was identified and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). This remarkable advancement encourages the industrialization of direct graphene synthesis on LiNbO3 substrates via ion implantation.

show abstract

Optical properties of lithium niobate crystals

Cited by 31 publications

References 30 publications

Vibrational Spectra and Electro‐Optic Effect of Ferroelectric LiNbO₃Crystal

Vibrational Spectra and Electro‐Optic Effect of Ferroelectric LiNbO₃Crystal

Zero Birefringence Condition in Lithium Niobate on Insulator Rib Waveguides

Direct graphene synthesis on LiNbO₃ substrate by C implantation on Cu covering layer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Optical properties of lithium niobate crystals

Cited by 31 publications

References 30 publications

Vibrational Spectra and Electro‐Optic Effect of Ferroelectric LiNbO3Crystal

Vibrational Spectra and Electro‐Optic Effect of Ferroelectric LiNbO3Crystal

Zero Birefringence Condition in Lithium Niobate on Insulator Rib Waveguides

Direct graphene synthesis on LiNbO3 substrate by C implantation on Cu covering layer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Vibrational Spectra and Electro‐Optic Effect of Ferroelectric LiNbO₃Crystal

Vibrational Spectra and Electro‐Optic Effect of Ferroelectric LiNbO₃Crystal

Direct graphene synthesis on LiNbO₃ substrate by C implantation on Cu covering layer