Optical properties of Mg ²⁺ , Yb ³⁺ , and Ho ³⁺ tri-doped LiNbO ₃ crystals

Abstract

A series of LiNbO 3 crystals tri-doped with Mg 2+ , Yb 3+ , and Ho 3+ are grown by the conventional Czochraski technique. The concentrations of Mg 2+ , Yb 3+ , and Ho 3+ ions in Mg:Yb:Ho:LiNbO 3 crystals are measured by using an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The x-ray diffraction is proposed to determine the lattice constant and analyze the internal structure of the crystal. The light-induced scattering of Mg:Yb:Ho:LiNbO 3 crystal is quantitatively described via the threshold effect of incident exposure energy flux. The exposure energy (E r ) is calculated to discuss the optical damage resistance ability. The exposure energy of Mg(7 mol):Yb:Ho:LiNbO 3 crystal is 709.17 J/cm 2 , approximately 425 times higher than that of the Mg(1 mol):Yb:Ho:LiNbO 3 crystal in magnitude. The blue, red, and very intense green bands of Mg:Yb:Ho:LiNbO 3 crystal are observed under the 980-nm laser excitation to evaluate the up-conversion emission properties. The dependence of the emission intensity on pumping power indicates that the up-conversion emission is a two-photon process. The up-conversion emission mechanism is discussed in detail. This study indicates that Mg:Yb:Ho:LiNbO 3 crystal can be applied to the fabrication of new multifunctional photoluminescence devices.

Shape controllable synthesis and enhanced upconversion photoluminescence of ${{\beta }}$-NaGdF 4 :Yb 3+ , Er 3+ nanocrystals by introducing Mg 2+

“…It is worth mentioned that with the concentration of Mg 2+ increasing, not only the intensity of green UC emission but also the intensity of red UC emission increase correspondingly. The same trend for the dependence of the red ( 4 To understand the intensity of UC emission for Mg 2+ codoped β -NaGdF 4 :20-mol% Yb 3+ , 2-mol% Er 3+ nanoparticles in more detail, the main factors affecting UC luminescence of a definite nanophase are considered generally. On the one hand, in view of the crystal structure, β -NaGdF 4 is a disordered crystal, the randomly distributed sites of Na + /Gd 3+ cations which at the same lattice contribute to multiple active sites for the doping Ln 3+ ions.…”

“…Lanthanide-doped nanocrystals are the new-fashioned genre of nanomaterials which exhibit diverting luminescent and magnetic properties. [1][2][3][4] The distinct luminescent properties urged the conversion of low-energy photons to highenergy photons by multiphoton routes. The host materials NaGdF 4 already had a wide range of applications in biomedical fields among various forms of lanthanide-doped nanoparticles, [5,6] due to their multicolour emission character by doping rare earth ions and multifunction for surface functionalization.…”

Structural, vibrational, optical, photoluminescence, thermal, dielectric, and mechanical studies on zinc (tris) thiourea sulfate single crystal: A noticeable effect of organic dye

“…[20,45] The higher band gap energy suggests that ZTS crystals are very useful in optoelectronic devices. [3,9,46,47]…”

“…Specifically, single crystals with good nonlinear optical (NLO) properties are in demand for applications in optical communication, data storage, and optoelectronic and photonic devices. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Therefore, compatible NLO materials for designing and optimizing modern technological devices were commercialized and functionalized on a large scale. A family of NLO thiourea metal complex crystals have attracted immense attention from researchers owing to their mutual properties between organic and inorganic counterparts.…”

Effect of Hf 4+ doping on structure and enhancement of upconversion luminescence in Yb:Tm:LiNbO 3 crystals

“…Recently, rare-earths (RE) ions doped optical materials with the characteristic of efficient upconversion luminescence from infrared (IR) to visible radiation [1,2] attract considerable attention due to their potential applications in solid-state lasers, optical communications, solar cell, biological fluorescence labels, and so on. [3,4] Upconversion emission is usually obtained in bulk materials with relatively low phonon energy, [5] which decreases multiphonon relaxation rate and increases the lifetimes of the intermediate metastable states.…”