Optical properties of planar waveguides on ZnWO_4 formed by carbon and helium ion implantation and effects of annealing

Abstract

We report on the optical properties of ZnWO(4) planar waveguides created by ion implantation, and the effect annealing has on these structures. Planar optical waveguides in ZnWO(4) crystals are fabricated by 5.0 MeV carbon ion implantation with a fluence of 1 × 10(15) ions/cm(2) or 500 keV helium ion implantation with the a fluence of 1 × 10(16) ions/cm(2). The thermal stability was investigated by 60 minute annealing cycles at different temperatures ranging from 260°C to 550°C in air. The guided modes were measured by a model 2010 prism coupler at wavelengths of 633 nm and 1539 nm. The reflectivity calculation method (RCM) was applied to simulate the refractive index profile in these waveguides. The near-field light intensity profiles were measured using the end-face coupling method. The absorption spectra show that the implantation processes have almost no influence on the visible band absorption.

Infrared-active phonon modes in monoclinic multiferroicMnWO4

“…Multiferroic MnWO 4 is an improper ferroelectric, in which ferroelectricity is not directly connected to a softening phonon but rather to the onset of complex magnetic order. In this case, the multiferroic phase transition may be accompanied by the softening of an electromagnon as discussed for DyMnO 3 . 34 A finite spectral weight for electromagnons is expected due to the reduced symmetry in the multiferroic phase with an order parameter of magnetoelectric origin.…”

“…The range of possible applications is very broad, including (phonon-) scintillation detectors, laser waveguides, laser crystals, and photocatalysis. [1][2][3][4][5][6] The compound MnWO 4 , also known from nature as mineral hübnerite, belongs to the class of multiferroics, displaying a coexistence of antiferromagnetic and ferroelectric order parameters. [7][8][9] The Mn 2+ ions are in a high-spin 3d 5 configuration with spin S = 5/2.…”

Optical Waveguides Fabricated by Ion Implantation/Irradiation: A Review Optical Waveguides Fabricated by Ion Implantation/Irradiation: A Review

“…However, there has been a lot of activity in recent years on this field. For instance, the traditional ion implantation (i.e., where the waveguides are produced by means of the nuclear collisions) has been used to fabricate waveguides in various materials, such as SnP 2 S 6 (Guarino et al, 2006), KGW (Merchant et al, 2006a;Chen et al, 2008e), KLTN (Gumennik et al, 2005;Ilan et al, 2008), ZnO (Ming et al, 2011), ZnWO 4 (Zhao et al, 2010a), Nd:YAG , Nd:YLiF 4 (Tan et al, 2007b), Nd:…”

Optical transmission properties of a planar waveguide structure fabricated on Nd:Li6Y(BO3)3 by C ion irradiation

“…The waveguide region can effectively improve the linear and nonlinear optical performance of the device and produce a laser output under lower-pumping laser excitation [11,12]. There are several methods to fabricate waveguide structures with optical materials, such as diffusion, ion exchange, sol-gel, femtosecond-laser inscription, ion irradiation, and deposition [13][14][15][16]. However, as reported in Ref.…”