Optical property modification of ruby and sapphire by N-ion implantation

Effects of added aluminum chromium slag on the structure and mechanical properties of colored zirconia ceramics

“…All three d electrons in Cr 3+ are in d ε orbitals, and all are single electrons. When illuminated by light, these electrons undergo a d‐d transition, thus exhibiting color 35 . In addition, altering the sintering temperature had no significant effect on apparent sample color when the content of aluminum chromium slag was held constant.…”

Enhanced photoluminescence of Ar+ implanted sapphire before and after annealing

“…The surface of the inert gas ion-implanted sample may exhibit blistering due to the formation of gas bubbles. Bubble formation occurs when the concentration of implanted gas ion species is higher than the solid solubility of the ion species in the crystalline substrate, and featured by growth and agglomeration as the ion dose and substrate temperature increase [13]. The formation of the bubbles of H, He, O, N, and Ar-ion implanted sapphire has been described [2,3,13,14].…”

Microstructure Evolution in Nitrogen Implanted Sapphire

“…The variety of effects arising from radiation damage and non-equilibrium addition of foreign chemical species offers an opportunity to learn about the fundamental structural modifications of ceramic materials and provides tailored chemical and mechanical properties. Previous studies on nitrogen implanted sapphire have reported defect production, crystalline damage accumulation and many physical properties including optical properties [1][2][3][4][5]. Our goal is to understand the structural and compositional changes in sapphire by low-energy N implantation and electron beam annealing systems leading to the formation of a porous surface.…”