Optical pulling force and conveyor belt effect in resonator–waveguide system

Intaraprasonk, Varat; Fan, Shanhui

doi:10.1364/ol.38.003264

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Optical pulling forces are also reported in optical waveguides, where they emerge owing to the backward 29 or evanescent modes, [30][31][32][33] as well as coupling of the waveguide and ring resonators. 34 The amplification of particle's forward momentum can be also achieved on a dielectric interface (such as airwater) 35,36 and a metallic surface supporting surface plasmon polariton 37 or with the assistance of photothermal effects. [38][39][40][41] In this letter, we propose a robust and distinct configuration to achieve the optical pulling force.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It is grounded on the use of the guiding modes inside a multimode waveguide channel rather than the structured optical beams in free space. 34 A waveguide supports eigenmodes differing in the propagation constants. For the m-th order mode with the propagation constant b m (the mode index m is an integer), the momentum projection along the propagation direction is hb m per photon and b m always decreases with the increase in m. When a scatterer is inserted into the waveguide, the mode conversion between different modes takes place and the optical force can be tailored by controlling the mode conversion.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In Ref. 34, the mode conversion is also applied to achieve optical pulling force, but the object is outside the waveguide and resonantly couples with the waveguide through the evanescent field, which makes the optical pulling force inefficient and narrow band (only for the resonant frequencies). Also, the lateral equilibrium is challenging to achieve.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Also, the lateral equilibrium is challenging to achieve. 34,42 In the current configuration of hollow core photonic crystal waveguides, all those disadvantages are sup- Published by AIP Publishing. 111, 061105-1 conversion (together with the linear momentum conservation) and the full wave numerical simulations, which depicts a clear physical picture to connect the optical pulling force and mode conversion.…”

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Mode conversion enables optical pulling force in photonic crystal waveguides

Zhu

Novitsky

Cao

et al. 2017

Applied Physics Letters

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We propose a robust scheme to achieve optical pulling force using the guiding modes supported in a hollow core double-mode photonic crystal waveguide instead of the structured optical beams in free space investigated earlier. The waveguide under consideration supports both the 0th order mode with a larger forward momentum and the 1st order mode with a smaller forward momentum. When the 1st order mode is launched, the scattering by the object inside the waveguide results in the conversion from the 1st order mode to the 0th order mode, thus creating the optical pulling force according to the conservation of linear momentum. We present the quantitative agreement between the results derived from the mode conversion analysis and those from rigorous simulation using the finite-difference in the time-domain numerical method. Importantly, the optical pulling scheme presented here is robust and broadband with naturally occurred lateral equilibriums and has a long manipulation range. Flexibilities of the current configuration make it valuable for the optical force tailoring and optical manipulation operation, especially in microfluidic channel systems.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Mode conversion enables optical pulling force in photonic crystal waveguides

Zhu

Novitsky

Cao

et al. 2017

Applied Physics Letters

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“…Recently, optical forces have attracted significant interest, especially in the areas of nanoparticle manipulation 15 and opto-mechanically driven nanostructures [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] . One interesting example was a broadband opto-mechanical phase shifter for photonic integrated circuits, which was enabled by optical force 20 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Optically-controlled extinction ratio and Q-factor tunable silicon microring resonators based on optical forces

Long

Wang

et al. 2013

2013 IEEE Photonics Conference

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Tunability is a desirable property of microring resonators to facilitate superior performance. Using light to control light, we present an alternative simple approach to tuning the extinction ratio (ER) and Q-factor of silicon microring resonators based on optical forces. We design an opto-mechanical tunable silicon microring resonator consisting of an add-drop microring resonator and a control-light-carrying waveguide (''controlling'' waveguide). One of the two bus waveguides of the microring resonator is a deformable nanostring put in parallel with the ''controlling'' waveguide. The tuning mechanism relies on the optical force induced deflection of suspended nanostring, leading to the change of coupling coefficient of microring and resultant tuning of ER and Q-factor. Two possible geometries, i.e. double-clamped nanostring and cantilever nanostring, are studied in detail for comparison. The obtained results imply a favorable structure with the microring positioned at the end of the cantilever nanostring. It features a wide tuning range of ER from 5.6 to 39.9 dB and Q-factor from 309 to 639 as changing the control power from 0 to 1.4 mW. Silicon photonics has become one of the most promising photonic integration platforms in the recent years owing to its small footprint, reduced power consumption, and availability of complementary metal-oxidesemiconductor (CMOS) fabrication technology [1][2][3][4][5][6] . The attractive small footprint feature of silicon waveguide structures is because of the high refractive index contrast between silicon and its oxide or air, which enables tight light confinement and benefits small bending radius of waveguide. Because of its unprecedented small size for potential high-density photonic interaction, silicon microring resonator, i.e. compact bended silicon waveguide in a small loop configuration, is of great importance to accelerate the success of silicon photonics 7 . Silicon microring resonators have been employed to facilitate miscellaneous applications, such as sensors 8 , modulators Generally speaking, all the optical properties of a passive silicon microring resonator, e.g. resonance wavelength, free spectral range, extinction ratio (ER), quality factor (Q-factor), are predetermined by the structure design and thus fixed once fabricated. In particular, it is always common to see the offset between the actually achieved properties and preliminarily designed ones due to the unavoidable fabrication errors. Hence, tunability of microring resonators is highly desirable in practical applications to facilitate superior performance. Previous tuning operations were mostly achieved by changing the refractive index of the materials of microring resonators. The already presented tuning mechanisms included the use of free-carrier dispersion effect 9 and thermo-optic effect 13 . The free carriers and the thermal nonlinear optical effect required for tuning can be generated either electrically or optically, enabling different applications including electro-optic modulators, optical switch...

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Lorentz force and the optical pulling of multiple rayleigh particles outside the dielectric cylindrical waveguides

et al. 2016

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The stimulating connection between the counter-intuitive optical pulling effects and the Lorentz force has not been investigated in literature. This work demonstrates that multiple absorbing or non-absorbing dielectric Rayleigh objects can be pulled locally with gradientless travelling waves outside a finite-sized cylindrical nano or micro waveguide, if it is made up of a hollow core along with the cladding of at least two different dielectrics of appropriate refractive indices. Lorentz force analysis reveals that the bound surface charges of Rayleigh scatterer experience backward force, which overcomes the positive bulk force and ultimately results in the net pulling of the scatterer for several spatial regions outside the waveguide. Finally, in order to control the pulling of multiple Rayleigh particles based on scattering force and binding force, we have proposed a possible cylindrical coupler set-up. This work may open a new window of optical pulling force due to the exclusion of conventional structured tractor beams along with the artificial exotic matters.

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Optical pulling force and conveyor belt effect in resonator–waveguide system

Cited by 33 publications

References 22 publications

Mode conversion enables optical pulling force in photonic crystal waveguides

Mode conversion enables optical pulling force in photonic crystal waveguides

Optically-controlled extinction ratio and Q-factor tunable silicon microring resonators based on optical forces

Lorentz force and the optical pulling of multiple rayleigh particles outside the dielectric cylindrical waveguides

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