Optical Sensor for the Detection of Caspase-9 Activity in a Single Cell

Kasili, Paul M.; Song, Joon Myong; Vo‐Dinh, Tuan

doi:10.1021/ja037388t

Cited by 104 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Most of the reported nanoplatforms are synthetic, consisting of structures such as dendrimers (1), silica-coated micelles (2), polymeric (3,4) and ceramic (5,6) nanoparticles, perfluorocarbon emulsions (7), cross-linked liposomes (8,9), and magnetic surface-coated (10) and semiconductor (11) nanoparticles. Most of these nanostructures are easily manipulated, providing the opportunity to add a variety of molecules (payloads) to the surface and͞or interior of the nanoparticle.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rerouting lipoprotein nanoparticles to selected alternate receptors for the targeted delivery of cancer diagnostic and therapeutic agents

Zheng

Chen²,

Li³

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

202

186

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We report that a lipoprotein-based nanoplatform generated by conjugating tumor-homing molecules to the protein components of naturally occurring lipoproteins reroutes them from their normal lipoprotein receptors to other selected cancer-associated receptors. Multiple copies of these targeting moieties may be attached to the same nanoparticle, or a variety of different targeting moieties can be attached. Such a diverse set of tumor-homing molecules could be used to create a variety of conjugated lipoproteins as multifunctional, biocompatible nanoplatforms with a broad application to both cancer imaging and treatment. The same principle can be applied to imaging and treatment of other diseases and for monitoring specific tissues. To validate this concept, we prepared a low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-based folate receptor (FR)-targeted agent by conjugating folic acid to the Lys residues of the apolipoprotein B (apoB)-100 protein. To demonstrate the ability of the lipoprotein-based nanoplatform to deliver surfaceloaded and core-loaded payloads, the particles were labeled either with the optical reporter 1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3-tetramethylindocarbocyanine that was intercalated in the phospholipid monolayer or with the lipophilic photodynamic therapy agent, tetra-tbutyl-silicon phthalocyanine bisoleate, that was reconstituted into the lipid core. Cellular localization of the labeled LDL was monitored by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry in FR-overexpressing KB cells, in FR-nonexpressing CHO and HT-1080 cells, and in LDL receptor-overexpressing HepG 2 cells. These studies demonstrate that the folic acid conjugation to the Lys side-chain amino groups blocks binding to the normal LDL receptor and reroutes the resulting conjugate to cancer cells through their FRs.folate receptor ͉ low-density lipoprotein receptor ͉ biocompatible ͉ optical imaging ͉ photodynamic therapy

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rerouting lipoprotein nanoparticles to selected alternate receptors for the targeted delivery of cancer diagnostic and therapeutic agents

Zheng

Chen²,

Li³

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

202

186

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“…Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a process in which cells degenerate (i) during normal development, (ii) due to aging, or (iii) as a result of disease. The fiber optic nanosensor has been used for monitoring of caspase-9, an apoptosis protein, in human mammary carcinoma cells (MCF-7) [40]. (c) Measuring cytochrome c. Cytochrome c is an important protein involved in the production of cellular energy as well as in apoptosis.…”

Section: Fiber Optic Nanosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(d) Measuring caspase-9 [40]. One of the earliest biomarkers of apoptosis is the activation of cysteine aspartate-dependent proteases (caspases) due to the caspases' central role in the activation [42,43].…”

Section: Fiber Optic Nanosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Conceptual Review of Nanosensors

Lim

Ramakrishna

2006

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung A

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Nanosensors are gaining increasing attention due to the need to detect and measure chemical and physical properties in difficult to reach biological and industrial systems that are in the nano-scale region. This conceptual review surveys various nanosensors, which are categorized into three broad types: optical, electromagnetic and mechanical nanosensors. The sensing concepts and their corresponding advantages are discussed with reference to their applications.

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“…Technologies such as nanoprobes can be used for optical sensing of biomolecular activity in single cells, while preserving vital cellular processes. 28,29 Surfaces of nanoparticles are easily modified with antibodies, peptides, and other cell-specific moieties and can be used for applications such as glucose sensing 30 and immunoassays. 31,32 Hirsch et al devised a simple and rapid immunoassay by successfully measuring spectral changes using gold nanoshells to target very small quantities of analytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optically tunable nanoparticle contrast agents for early cancer detection: model-based analysis of gold nanoshells

et al. 2005

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Many optical diagnostic approaches rely on changes in scattering and absorption properties to generate optical contrast between normal and diseased tissue. Recently, there has been increasing interest in using exogenous agents to enhance this intrinsic contrast with particular emphasis on the development for targeting specific molecular features of disease. Gold nanoshells are a class of core-shell nanoparticles with an extremely tunable peak optical resonance ranging from the near-UV to the mid-IR wavelengths. Using current chemistries, nanoshells of a wide variety of core and shell sizes can easily be fabricated to scatter and/or absorb light with optical cross sections often several times larger than the geometric cross section. Using gold nanoshells of different size and optical parameters, we employ Monte Carlo models to predict the effect of varying concentrations of nanoshells on tissue reflectance. The models demonstrate the importance of absorption from the nanoshells on remitted signals even when the optical extinction is dominated by scattering. Furthermore, because of the strong optical response of nanoshells, a considerable change in reflectance is observed with only a very small concentration of nanoshells. Characterizing the optical behavior of gold nanoshells in tissue will aid in developing nanoshells as contrast agents for optical diagnostics.

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Optical Sensor for the Detection of Caspase-9 Activity in a Single Cell

Cited by 104 publications

References 20 publications

Rerouting lipoprotein nanoparticles to selected alternate receptors for the targeted delivery of cancer diagnostic and therapeutic agents

Rerouting lipoprotein nanoparticles to selected alternate receptors for the targeted delivery of cancer diagnostic and therapeutic agents

A Conceptual Review of Nanosensors

Optically tunable nanoparticle contrast agents for early cancer detection: model-based analysis of gold nanoshells

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