Optical study of redox process of Ag nanoparticles at high temperature

Bi, Huijuan; Cai, Weiping; Kan, Caixia; Zhang, Lide; Martin, D.; Träger, F.

doi:10.1063/1.1518147

Cited by 70 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…(a) Air exposed sample NP1 (b) Air exposed sample PC FULL PAPER modynamic calculations on silver nanoparticles has shown that the formation of oxide shell is energetically favorable only up to a critical shell thickness. [36] Thus, the changes in the optical and electrical properties of Gd nanoparticles on exposure to air can be explained by the formation of a Gd x O y shell around the Gd nanoparticles during the initial exposure time. It is also possible that the as-deposited Gd nanoparticles have a small Gd x O y surface layer, which grows on exposure to air only up to a certain thickness.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability and Hydrogenation of “Bare” Gadolinium Nanoparticles

Ivaturi¹,

Mehta²,

Malhotra³

et al. 2005

Adv Funct Materials

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Gadolinium nanoparticles, deposited via an inert gas evaporation method, show improved stability towards oxidation and it is therefore possible to carry out an ex‐situ investigation on “bare” Gd nanoparticles, i.e., in the absence of a protective Pd layer, for the first time. A size‐induced structural transformation from hexagonal close packing to the higher‐symmetry face‐centered cubic structure is observed. The important observation of hydrogen–Gd‐nanoparticle interaction at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, without a Pd catalytic layer, makes Gd nanoparticles a potential candidate for hydrogen‐sensing, switching, and storage applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability and Hydrogenation of “Bare” Gadolinium Nanoparticles

Ivaturi¹,

Mehta²,

Malhotra³

et al. 2005

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Synthesis, size control and catalysis of noble metal nanomaterials have been intensively investigated [5]. However, their chemical reactivity has been little explored [6][7][8]. Silver (Ag) is a noble metal with an inert chemical reactivity in its bulk form and is listed below hydrogen in the activity series of metals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High chemical reactivity of silver nanoparticles toward hydrochloric acid

Zhu

2006

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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“…Complete oxidation does not occur due to the passivation of the surface by the oxide shell, as in other metal nanoparticle systems. 27 Based on the oxygen XPS data, the In 3+ species is predominantly an indium hydroxide, which has previously been implicated as the catalytic resting state for CO 2 reduction on indium and the site at which CO 2 can chemisorb and be reduced as the carbonate. 7 The metallic core provides a conductive path for electrons to flow from the carbon black support to the catalytic surface, unlike in the pure In 2 O 3 and In(OH) 3 particles, which are more insulating and allow the carbon black to evolve hydrogen.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Carbon Dioxide Reduction Activity on Indium-Based Nanoparticles

White

Bocarsly

2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

104

105

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Nanoparticles of indium, indium hydroxide, and indium oxide were synthesized and evaluated for their electrocatalytic abilities in the reduction of CO 2 to formate. These nanoparticles were characterized with several microscopic and spectroscopic techniques in order to investigate their structure and surface features. Their electrochemical behavior was also probed through voltammetry and bulk electrolysis. faradaic efficiencies approaching 100% were achieved on these particles at potentials as positive as −1.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl, which represents a significant decrease in the overpotential compared to that observed using bulk indium electrodes. The nanostructuring of the particles and the partial surface oxidation of the indium nanoparticles to yield catalytic surface indium hydroxide species are implicated in the high efficiencies at low overpotentials. Recent decades have seen the rapid rise in the amounts of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, present in both the atmosphere and the oceans, as well as a concomitant increase in global temperatures. 1This heating trend is predicted to amplify if net CO 2 emissions from fossil fuels continue to grow unabated, leading to a mean surface temperature increase of up to 4• C by 2100. 2 Therefore, a move away from fossil fuels toward renewable sources of energy such as wind and solar is essential for the long-term maintenance of the environment.The reduction of carbon dioxide to fuels and chemicals is an important component of a future energy portfolio based on renewable sources that seeks to mitigate carbon levels. The formation of useful chemicals from CO 2 rather than petroleum decreases the net CO 2 emissions and reduces reliance on oil. Generating high energy density carbon-based fuels, though only carbon-neutral and not carbonnegative, aids in load-leveling with intermittent power sources, leading to the production of fuels during periods of high output and the consumption during periods of low output.The electrochemical reduction of CO 2 on metal electrodes in aqueous solution has been studied for decades.3 Heavy post-transition metals, including indium, tin, lead, and bismuth yield predominantly formate, with small amounts of CO and H 2 as well. These metals have high overpotentials for water reduction, which allows them to be more selective for CO 2 reduction than most transition metals. However, the CO 2 reduction overpotentials are also fairly large, typically on the order of 1 V, significantly decreasing the energy efficiency of conversion. These metals have been proposed to reduce CO 2 in a oneelectron rate-determining step to the weakly adsorbed or free CO 2•− radical anion, which can then be protonated and reduced by another electron to yield formate.3 However, the formal redox potential for this process is −1.85 V vs. SHE, 4 considerably more negative than the potentials at which products are formed.Recent, more in-depth investigations on the mechanism of formate production on these metals have led to a greater understanding of the role of surface species in th...

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Optical study of redox process of Ag nanoparticles at high temperature

Cited by 70 publications

References 20 publications

Stability and Hydrogenation of “Bare” Gadolinium Nanoparticles

Stability and Hydrogenation of “Bare” Gadolinium Nanoparticles

High chemical reactivity of silver nanoparticles toward hydrochloric acid

Enhanced Carbon Dioxide Reduction Activity on Indium-Based Nanoparticles

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