Optical Switching for Data Center Networks

Parsons, Nick; Calabretta, Nicola

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16250-4_25

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Optical processing components, including optical buffers, switching fabrics, and wavelength converters, are developed and integrated at the device level to reduce energy consumption. Optical Switching fabric (OSF) is preferred over electronic backplanes and interconnects [8]. Low-attenuation and low-dispersion fibers, energy-efficient optical transmitters and receivers, energy-efficient resource allocation mechanisms, green routing, and long-reach optical access networks are investigated at the transmission and networking levels [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Network Performance and Power Consumption in Green Optical Networking: A Dual Algorithm Approach

Swamidoss,

Samiayya,

Gunasekar

2023

Preprint

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Nowadays, there is an increasing need for advanced technological solutions due to concerns about the energy crisis and environmental protection. In particular, there has been a growing focus on developing green Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) solutions, as the energy consumption of ICT devices has been rapidly increasing in recent decades. This paper introduces EPSO-based flow-aware routing mechanisms that aim to minimize Queueing Delay, Power Consumption (Energy Dissipation), and Load Deviation. Two flow-aware mechanisms, namely the Flow aware load adaptive scheme (FA-LAR) and the flow-aware distance adaptive scheme (FA-DAR), are utilized in this study. The goal is to avoid traffic congestion across the routes by selecting the most direct and efficient paths for the flows. These routed paths are optimized using the MEPSO-based FA-DAR routing algorithm, resulting in significant energy savings. Extensive numerical simulations are conducted to evaluate the proposed algorithms using metrics such as throughput, routing efficiency, queuing delay, load deviation, and energy efficiency. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing benchmark methods in all metrics. Furthermore, it ensures lower power consumption, queuing delay, and load deviation. The method exhibits a 30% improvement in throughput and a 24% improvement in energy efficiency compared to existing benchmark methods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Network Performance and Power Consumption in Green Optical Networking: A Dual Algorithm Approach

Swamidoss,

Samiayya,

Gunasekar

2023

Preprint

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“…are indispensable. For cost-and power-efficient optical Datacom and Telecom systems, high gain, broadband, low noise, and integratable SOAs in photonic integrated platform circuits are required [4,5]. SOAs have increased flexibility in photonic integrated circuits in the way that they can operate in a broad optical bandwidth range from Oband to L-band and play multiple roles such as booster amplifier, gate switch, and power equalizer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Analysis of Novel O-Band Low Polarization Sensitive SOA Co-Integrated With Passive Waveguides for Optical Systems

Zali

Calabretta

2022

IEEE Photonics J.

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Low polarization-dependent semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) with an easy fabrication process and the capability to be co-integrated with passive elements are crucial in photonic integrated circuits. In this work, we design, simulate, and optimize a low polarization-dependent bulk SOA based on a novel layerstack with an unstrained bulk active layer with a robust and easy fabrication process that allows the co-integration with passive waveguides. The designed layerstack shows that the reflection between SOA and the passive waveguide is less than 1.3×10 -5 . Furthermore, by designing the ridge waveguide and layerstack (thickness of the core and cladding layers), the confinement factor of TEand TM-modes (ГTE/TM) are engineered to be approximately the same. This results in a low polarization-dependent SOA (since for the active bulk layer, the material gain of TE-mode is very close to the material gain of TM-mode). Numerical assessment of different length SOAs in terms of gain, polarization-dependent gain (PDG), noise figure versus wavelength, input power, and bias current are extensively investigated. At low input power, a broadband gain with a spectral bandwidth of 95 nm, PDG less than 2 dB, output saturation power of 6.8 dBm, and noise figure less than 6.5 dB are achieved for 300 μm SOA at a current density of 10 kA/cm 2 . Longer SOA with 1100 μm length exhibits 30 dB gain with 75 nm bandwidth, PDG less than 3.8 dB, noise figure less than 6.7 dB, and 10.7 dBm saturation power at 10 kA/cm 2 . On the other side, as the input power increases the gain and PDG decrease, while the noise figure increases for higher input powers (> 0 dBm). Moreover, a booster SOA (1100 μm) with higher output saturation power has been investigated by widening the width of SOA from 1 μm to 3 μm. The output saturation power at 10 kA/cm 2 increases from +7.6 dBm to +13.9 dBm, when the width of the SOA waveguide increases from 1 μm to 3 μm. Finally, we discuss the fabrication tolerance on SOA characteristics. We show that the PDG strongly depends on the cladding layer thickness tolerance and decreases from 2.3 dB to 1.3 dB as it changes from 135 nm to 175 nm, while the output saturation power variation is only around 0.5 dB.

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“…Optical switches that are transparent to the data format and bit rate can theoretically provide unlimited bandwidth. Thus, switching the traffic in the optical domain has been considerably investigated as a future-proof solution to overcome the bandwidth bottleneck of electrical switches [2]. Moreover, all-optical switching could remove the dedicated electrical circuits and devices for various data format modulations and eliminate the power-hungry optical/electrical/optical (O/E/O) conversions, thus significantly decreasing costs, power, and processing delays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Switch Control Enabled Optical Data Center Networks

Xue

Calabretta

2022

IEEE Commun. Mag.

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Optical Switching for Data Center Networks

Cited by 9 publications

References 53 publications

Optimizing Network Performance and Power Consumption in Green Optical Networking: A Dual Algorithm Approach

Optimizing Network Performance and Power Consumption in Green Optical Networking: A Dual Algorithm Approach

Design and Analysis of Novel O-Band Low Polarization Sensitive SOA Co-Integrated With Passive Waveguides for Optical Systems

Synergistic Switch Control Enabled Optical Data Center Networks

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