The first Chinese Carbon Dioxide Observation Satellite (TanSat), which is designed to make high-precision, high-spatial resolution measurements of carbon dioxide, was successfully launched on 22 December 2016. There are two instruments installed on the TanSat: the High Resolution Hyper-Spectral Sensor for carbon observation Grating Spectrometer, aiming at measuring the amount of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the atmosphere, and the cloud and aerosol polarimetric imager to identify the disturbance by clouds and to detect the impact of aerosol within the instrument instantaneous field of view. The two instruments work together to make global, high-precision CO 2 measurements with exactly correction of cloud and aerosol interference. The major content of this paper is the laboratory radiometric calibration of ACGS. Both the gain coefficients and the dark current response of each channel were determined during instrument-level ground testing. The gain coefficients for the ACGS were characterized by measuring the instrument response to illumination by an integrating sphere at several light levels. The dark response was calibrated with additional thermal balance testing. This paper also identified bad pixels, recorded in a table of data elements, to be omitted in science data processing. The uncertainties achieved during the radiometric calibration were below 5% (k = 1), meeting the absolute calibration mission requirements.