Optical Verification of Physically Unclonable Function Devices Based on Spin‐Orbit Torque Switching

Lee, Jeong Kyu; Lee, Jiyoung; Yoon, Seok In; Lee, Min Hyeok; Lee, Jin Seo; Jang, Yunho; Kim, Dae‐Yun; Choe, Sug–Bong; Kim, Young Keun

doi:10.1002/aelm.202300056

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…(c) Flame and pressurized water stability tests of ultradurable embedded PUFs. (d) Comparison of the thermal stability of PUFs with the literature. ,,,,− …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultradurable Embedded Physically Unclonable Functions

Esidir,

Pekdemir,

Kalay

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) have attracted growing interest for anticounterfeiting and authentication applications. The practical applications require durable PUFs made of robust materials. This study reports a practical strategy to generate extremely robust PUFs by embedding random features onto a substrate. The chaotic and low-cost electrohydrodynamic deposition process generates random polymeric features over a negative-tone photoresist film. These polymer features function as a conformal photomask, which protects the underlying photoresist from UV light, thereby enabling the generation of randomly positioned holes. Dry plasma etching of the substrate and removal of the photoresist result in the transfer of random features to the underlying silicon substrate. The matching of binary keys and features via different algorithms facilitates authentication of features. The embedded PUFs exhibit extreme levels of thermal (∼1000 °C) and mechanical stability that exceed the state of the art. The strength of this strategy emerges from the PUF generation directly on the substrate of interest, with stability that approaches the intrinsic properties of the underlying material. Benefiting from the materials and processes widely used in the semiconductor industry, this strategy shows strong promise for anticounterfeiting and device security applications.

show abstract

“…(c) Flame and pressurized water stability tests of ultradurable embedded PUFs. (d) Comparison of the thermal stability of PUFs with the literature. ,,,,− …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultradurable Embedded Physically Unclonable Functions

Esidir,

Pekdemir,

Kalay

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The thermal stability of a PUF is crucial for the application in anticounterfeiting labels, ensuring reliability during shipping and storage. Figure (b) illustrates the comparison of thermal stability results for various PUFs. ,,,,− The analysis focused on the peak temperature values to facilitate an accurate comparison. The results indicate that recent developments in PUF thermal stability have significantly extended the operational temperature range, increasing the stability threshold from 50 to 1000 °C.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust Optical Physical Unclonable Function Based on Total Internal Reflection for Portable Authentication

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) utilize uncontrollable manufacturing randomness to yield cryptographic primitives. Currently, the fabrication of the most generally employed optical PUFs mainly depends on fluorescent, Raman, or plasmonic materials, which suffer inherent robustness issues. Herein, we construct an optical PUF with high environmental stability via total internal reflection (TIR-PUF) perturbed by randomly distributed polymer microspheres. The response image is transformed into encoded keys via an iterative binning procedure. The concentration of the polymer solution is optimized to debias the bit nonuniformity and maximize encoding capacity. The constructed TIR-PUF shows significantly high encoding capacity (2370) and markedly low total authentication error probability (1.614 × 10–23). The intra-Hamming distance is as low as 0.068, indicating the excellent readout reliability of TIR-PUF. The environmental stability of TIR-PUF has demonstrated promising results under a range of challenging conditions such as ultrasonic washing, high temperature, ultraviolet irradiation, and severe chemical environments. Moreover, the challenge-response pairs of our TIR-PUFs are demonstrated on an authentication system with low-power dissipation, lightweight components, and wireless imaging capture, rendering the possibility of portable authentication for practical applications.

show abstract

“…Spintronic PUFs are being developed as an alternative to tackle these challenges and enable the development of on-chip PUFs integrated with CMOS technology. − A recent study demonstrated the secure access and data protection capabilities of CMOS-integrated on-chip spintronic PUFs within in-memory computing . However, despite advances in spintronic or MRAM-based PUFs, some of the crucial PUF properties remain to be verified for practical applications.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Reliable Magnetic Memory-Based Physical Unclonable Functions

Kang,

Han,

Lee

et al. 2024

ACS Nano

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Magnetic random-access memory (MRAM), which stores information through control of the magnetization direction, offers promising features as a viable nonvolatile memory alternative, including high endurance and successful large-scale commercialization. Recently, MRAM applications have extended beyond traditional memories, finding utility in emerging computing architectures such as in-memory computing and probabilistic bits. In this work, we report highly reliable MRAM-based security devices, known as physical unclonable functions (PUFs), achieved by exploiting nanoscale perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). By intentionally randomizing the magnetization direction of the antiferromagnetically coupled reference layer of the MTJs, we successfully create an MRAM-PUF. The proposed PUF shows ideal uniformity and uniqueness and, in particular, maintains performance over a wide temperature range from −40 to +150 °C. Moreover, rigorous testing with more than 1584 challenge−response pairs of 64 bits each confirms resilience against machine learning attacks. These results, combined with the merits of commercialized MRAM technology, would facilitate the implementation of MRAM-PUFs.

show abstract

Optical Verification of Physically Unclonable Function Devices Based on Spin‐Orbit Torque Switching

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Ultradurable Embedded Physically Unclonable Functions

Ultradurable Embedded Physically Unclonable Functions

Robust Optical Physical Unclonable Function Based on Total Internal Reflection for Portable Authentication

Highly Reliable Magnetic Memory-Based Physical Unclonable Functions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About