Optical waveguide circuits for recognition of PSK and QAM coded labels

Abstract

Optical waveguide circuits for recognition of BPSK, QPSK, and 16QAM coded labels are proposed. The circuits consist of optical passive elements, such as a Y-branching junction, a 3-dB directional coupler, and an asymmetric X-junction coupler. The device performance is analyzed and verified by finite-difference beam propagation method.