Optical Waveguiding Organic Single Crystals Exhibiting Physical and Chemical Bending Features

Lu, Zhuoqun; Zhang, Yuping; Liu, Hao; Ye, Kaiqi; Li, Wentao; Zhang, Hongyu

doi:10.1002/anie.201914026

Cited by 100 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…10 In 2012, Reddy and coworkers reported a kind of organic co-crystal that exhibited elastic bending ability under applied stress. 11 Subsequently, elastic and plastic organic crystals have been rapidly developed and deeply studied by Desiraju 12,13 , Naumov [14][15][16] , Reddy 17.18 , Hayashi 19,20 , Chandrasekar 21, 22 and our group [23][24][25][26][27][28] Notably, flexible organic crystals compatible with optical and electrical functions have been reported recently, which advanced the application of these flexible materials in optoelectronics. [29][30][31] There are two key limiting factors in expanding the application of flexible organic crystals: single mechanical property and narrow applicable temperature range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Optical Waveguiding Organic Crystal with Phase-Dependent Elasticity and Thermoplasticity over Wide Temperature Ranges

2021

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Optical Waveguiding Organic Crystal with Phase-Dependent Elasticity and Thermoplasticity over Wide Temperature Ranges

2021

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“…Very recently, Zhang and co-workers reported the physical (external stress) and chemical (vapor exposure) mediated bending in (Z)-4-(1-cyano-2-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)vinyl) benzonitrile (CN-DPVB) crystals (Figure 11A-D). [27] The crystal bending was achieved by applying external stress multiple times. However, when the stress was removed from the crystal, it attains its original shape; revealing its elasticity ( Figure 11E The crystal was exposed to acidic atmosphere using different volatile acids namely formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, and hydrochloric acid (HCl); among them, only HCl caused bending of the crystal ( Figure 11F).…”

Section: Flexible Single-crystal Organic Optical Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flexible Single-crystal Organic Optical Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next‐Generation Organic Photonics: The Emergence of Flexible Crystal Optical Waveguides

Annadhasan

Basak

Chandrasekhar

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

172

133

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above. Organic crystals are one of the strong contenders for nanophotonic applications due to the impressive advantages they offer, such as tailor-made synthesis, engineered flexibility, chirality, optical (linear and nonlinear) properties, high photoluminescence efficiency, lightweight, easy processability (solution or sublimation), and relatively high refractive index, n (n = √ε; where ε is the dielectric permittivity of the materials). [1] The customized synthesis of building block molecules offers fine-tuning of the optical absorbance and emission from ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum by anchoring specific electron donor (D) and electron acceptor (A) groups to π-conjugated molecular backbone of varying lengths. Organic crystals with D and A functional groups also provide nonlinear optical (NLO) emissions (via multiphoton excitation process) depending upon the molecular symmetry and solid-state molecular packing (centrosymmetric/nonsymmetric). Besides, the polar and non-polar nature of the functional groups allows varying solubility of the organic compounds in a range of solvents facilitating solution processability. Depending upon the degree of solubility, organic compounds can be processed into microstructures (of various dimensions and sizes) suitable for nano-/micro-photonic applications using solvent-assisted selfassembly or crystal growth technique. Sublimation is also an alternative clean method to process organic compounds into crystalline microstructures. [2c] Naturally, most of the organic crystals are stiff, and they reveal their fragility when subjected to external stress beyond a specific limit. Therefore, until now, most of the devices fabricated with organic crystalline materials are rigid. [8] However, future "intelligent" technologies mandate flexible devices. The forecasted market for such devices is expected to touch over $70 billion by 2026. [9] Crystals with unusual mechanical flexibility (reversible) will open new avenues for applications in flexible organic electronics and photonic devices. [10-13] On the other hand, the rarity of the flexible crystal is one of the major impediment to the advancement of flexible nano-/micro-photonic device components. Seamless integration of a flexible crystal in a microcircuit needs precise spatial control of crystal position and its geometry. [13] However, the dearth of appropriate micromanipulation technique (mechanical or optical trapping) is a significant impediment to the shaping of flexible microcrystals for circuit applications.

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“…[18] Recently, organic crystals with elasticity or plasticity have been emerging as a cutting-edge research field in crystal engineering. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Desiraju and co-workers found that the anisotropic packing structure contributed to the plasticity of 2-(methylthio)nicotinic acid crystals. [32] Reddy and co-workers reported the elastic bendable organic cocrystal and provided insights into the mechanism of crystal elasticity.…”

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Naturally and Elastically Bent Organic Polymorphs for Multifunctional Optical Applications

Tang

Liu

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Recently, mechanically bendable organic single crystals have been widely studied as emerging flexible materials. However, only a very small percentage of organic crystals have been found to be elastic or plastic. In this study, crystal engineering is employed as a powerful strategy to improve the probability of constructing flexible organic crystals. Based on an organic compound, two polymorphs Cry-R and Cry-O with bright red and orange emissions, respectively, are obtained. Cry-R, being brittle inherently, can form a naturally bent crystal with an optical waveguide as efficient as the straight crystal. The other polymorph Cry-O can be elastically bent, almost into a loop, and displays an optical waveguide and amplified spontaneous emission in both the straight and bent state, demonstrating its multifunctional applications in flexible optical devices. In addition, the Y-shaped crystals of Cry-O obtained by natural growth are found to transduce single emitted light through the two branches and thus generate dual output signals simultaneously, which further highlights the utility of "crystal flexibility". The results not only suggest a guideline to modify the mechanical compliance by crystal engineering but also provide a model of flexible organic crystals for multifunctional optical applications.

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Optical Waveguiding Organic Single Crystals Exhibiting Physical and Chemical Bending Features

Cited by 100 publications

References 44 publications

An Optical Waveguiding Organic Crystal with Phase-Dependent Elasticity and Thermoplasticity over Wide Temperature Ranges

An Optical Waveguiding Organic Crystal with Phase-Dependent Elasticity and Thermoplasticity over Wide Temperature Ranges

Next‐Generation Organic Photonics: The Emergence of Flexible Crystal Optical Waveguides

Naturally and Elastically Bent Organic Polymorphs for Multifunctional Optical Applications

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