Optically- and Thermally-Responsive Programmable Materials Based on Carbon Nanotube-Hydrogel Polymer Composites

Zhang, Xiaobo; Pint, Cary L.; Lee, Min Hyung; Schubert, Bryan Edward; Jamshidi, Arash; Takei, Kuniharu; Ko, Hyunhyub; Gillies, Andrew G.; Bardhan, Rizia; Urban, Jeffrey J.; Wu, M.C.; Fearing, Ronald S.; Javey, Ali

doi:10.1021/nl201503e

Cited by 504 publications

(454 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In addition to mechanical reinforcement, the strong light absorption of nanocarbons can add new functional sensitivity to composite gels [25]. Fast reversible optical response has been observed under near infrared (NIR) laser excitation in CNT [26,27] and GO [25] containing composite PNIPA hydrogels. NIR irradiation causes strong warming of the GO composite gels, while in hydrogels without GO no heating is observed [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal sensitivity of carbon nanotube and graphene oxide containing responsive hydrogels

Manek

Berke

Miklósi

et al. 2016

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract.Comparative investigations are reported on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) gels of various carbon nanotube (CNT) and graphene oxide (GO) contents synthesized under identical conditions. The kind and concentration of the incorporated carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) influence the swelling and stress-strain behaviour of the composites. Practically independently of the filler content, incorporation of CNPs appreciably improves the fracture stress properties of the gels. The time constant and the swelling ratio of the shrinkage following an abrupt increase in temperature of the swelling medium from 20 to 50°C can be adjusted by selecting both the type and the amount of nanoparticle loading. This offers a means of accurately controlling the deswelling kinetics of drug release with PNIPA systems, and could be employed in sensor applications where fast and excessive shrinkage are a significant drawback. Both CNTs and GO enhance the infrared sensitivity of the PNIPA gel, thus opening a route for the design of novel drug transport and actuator systems. It is proposed that the influence of the CNPs depends more on their surface reactivity during the gel synthesis rather than on their morphology. One of the important findings of this study is the existence of a thermally conducting network in the GO filled gels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal sensitivity of carbon nanotube and graphene oxide containing responsive hydrogels

Manek

Berke

Miklósi

et al. 2016

Express Polym. Lett.

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“…Zhang et al [154] noted that the percentage of carbon nanotubes in a thermosensitive hydrogel material affects hydrogel response time to both optical (near IR) and thermal stimuli. They use these materials as heat-activated hinges attached to solid plates, and by varying the weight percentage of additives are able to adjust the response speed of petals opening on a model flower as a function of distance.…”

Section: Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphing in nature and beyond: a review of natural and synthetic shape-changing materials and mechanisms

2016

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Shape-changing materials open an entirely new solution space for a wide range of disciplines: from architecture that responds to the environment and medical devices that unpack inside the body, to passive sensors and novel robotic actuators. While synthetic shape-changing materials are still in their infancy, studies of biological morphing materials have revealed key paradigms and features which underlie efficient natural shape-change. Here, we review some of these insights and how they have been, or may be, translated to artificial solutions. We focus on soft matter due to its prevalence in nature, compatibility with users and potential for novel design. Initially, we review examples of natural shape-changing materials-skeletal muscle, tendons and plant tissues-and compare with synthetic examples with similar methods of operation. Stimuli to motion are outlined in general principle, with examples of their use and potential in manufactured systems. Anisotropy is identified as a crucial element in directing shape-change to fulfil designed tasks, and some manufacturing routes to its achievement are highlighted. We conclude with potential directions for future work, including the simultaneous development of materials and manufacturing techniques and the hierarchical combination of effects at multiple length scales.

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“…In particular, in the case of the electrostatic actuation it is generally required a high driving voltage, 16,17 while the response speed of thermally actuated membranes is usually slow. 18 Lastly, in a lot of cases, piezoelectric polymeric films exhibit a creep effect 19 meaning that the material continues to expand even after the removal of the actuation stimulus prohibiting thus the immediate return to its initial state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Magneto-Responsive Elastomeric Films Created by a Two-Step Fabrication Process

Marchi

Casu

Bertora

et al. 2015

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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An innovative method for the preparation of elastomeric magnetic films with increased magneto-responsivity is presented. Polymeric films containing aligned magnetic microchains throughout their thickness are formed upon the magnetophoretic transport and assembly of microparticles during the polymer curing. The obtained films are subsequently magnetized at a high magnetic field of 3 T directed parallel to the microchains orientation. We prove that the combination of both, alignment of the particles along a favorable direction during 2 curing, and subsequent magnetization of the solid films induces an impressive increase of the films' deflection. Specifically, the displacements reach few millimeters, up to 85 times higher compared to the non-treated films with the same particles concentration. Such process can improve the performance of the magnetic films without increasing the amount of magnetic fillers, thus without compromising the mechanical properties of the resulting composites. The proposed method can be used for the fabrication of magnetic films suitable as components in systems where high displacements at relatively low magnetic fields are required, such as sensors, drug delivery or microfluidic systems, especially where remote control of valves is requested to achieve appropriate flow and mixing of liquids.

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Optically- and Thermally-Responsive Programmable Materials Based on Carbon Nanotube-Hydrogel Polymer Composites

Cited by 504 publications

References 32 publications

Thermal sensitivity of carbon nanotube and graphene oxide containing responsive hydrogels

Thermal sensitivity of carbon nanotube and graphene oxide containing responsive hydrogels

Morphing in nature and beyond: a review of natural and synthetic shape-changing materials and mechanisms

Highly Magneto-Responsive Elastomeric Films Created by a Two-Step Fabrication Process

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