Optically levitated nanoparticle as a model system for stochastic bistable dynamics

Ricci, Francesco; Rica, Raúl A.; Spasenović, Marko; Gieseler, Jan; Rondin, Loïc; Novotny, Lukas; Quidant, Romain

doi:10.1038/ncomms15141

Cited by 109 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…an overdamped optically levitated nanoparticle [46] can also be used as a noise-assisted sensor in a similar way.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Speed and Sensitivity of a Nonlinear Optical Sensor with Noise

Rodriguez

2020

Phys. Rev. Applied

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We demonstrate how noise can be turned into an advantage for optical sensing using a nonlinear cavity. The cavity is driven by a continuous wave laser into the regime of optical bistability. Due to the influence of fluctuations, the cavity randomly switches between two states. By analyzing residence times in these two states, perturbations to the resonance frequency of the cavity can be detected. Here, such an analysis is presented as a function of the strength of the perturbation and of the noise. By increasing the standard deviation of the noise, we find that the detection speed increases monotonically while the sensitivity peaks at a finite value of the noise strength. Furthermore, we discuss how noise-assisted sensing can be optimized in state-of-the-art experimental platforms, relying solely on the minimum amount of noise present in the cavity due to its dissipation. These results open new perspectives for the ultrafast detection of nanoparticles, contaminants, gases, or other perturbations to the resonance frequency of an optical resonator, at low powers and in noisy environments.

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“…an overdamped optically levitated nanoparticle [46] can also be used as a noise-assisted sensor in a similar way.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Speed and Sensitivity of a Nonlinear Optical Sensor with Noise

Rodriguez

2020

Phys. Rev. Applied

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“…In general, the definition of the function describing these fluctuations is Figure 1. A sketch of the proposed setup for a levitating nanoparticle motivated by the experiments in [46,49]. The particle is first prepared in a cubic phase state, for example through the application of a nonlinear trapping potential [48].…”

Section: Nonlinear Squeezing and Nonclassicalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A versatile platform for nonlinear optomechanics is levitated optomechanics which, with recent developments in experimental techniques (i.e. coherent scattering), provides the opportunity to cool levitated nanoparticles to the ground state [42,43], while also providing the opportunity to employ nonlinear potentials as external drivings for the oscillator [44][45][46][47][48][49][50].Various proposals for the generation of nonlinear and nonclassical states are extant in the literature [35,[51][52][53][54][55]. Progress in this field is moving very fast and therefore it is important to analyse proof-of-principle possibilities to estimate what we refer to as the nonlinear squeezing in experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stroboscopic method involves short pulses of nonlinear potentials that can be applied to levitating nanoparticles [59], electrically actuated disk resonators [60] or mirrors coupled to optical springs [61]. Levitated systems have the option to take advantage of, for example, Duffing nonlinearities [49] possibly modified by an external electric field, in order to attempt to mimic cubic nonlinearities. More broadly, the potential for the nanoparticle is determined by the optical intensity of the trapping field, something that appears to be under strong experimental control [62].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of squeezing in a nonlinear quadrature of a mechanical oscillator

2019

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Processing quantum information on continuous variables requires a highly nonlinear element in order to attain universality. Noise reduction in processing such quantum information involves the use of a nonlinear phase state as a non-Gaussian ancilla. A necessary condition for a nonlinear phase state to implement a nonlinear phase gate is that noise in a selected nonlinear quadrature should decrease below the level of classical states. A reduction of the variance in this nonlinear quadrature below the ground state of the ancilla, a type of nonlinear squeezing, is the resource embedded in these non-Gaussian states and a figure of merit for nonlinear quantum processes. Quantum optomechanics with levitating nanoparticles trapped in nonlinear optical potentials is a promising candidate to achieve such resources in a flexible way. We provide a scheme for reconstructing this figure of merit, which we call nonlinear squeezing, in standard linear quantum optomechanics, analysing the effects of mechanical decoherence processes on the reconstruction and show that all mechanical states which exhibit reduced noise in this nonlinear quadrature are nonclassical.

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“…The experiment was repeated twice to check whether effects of slow frequency drift or other instabilities are affecting the experimental result, however both measurements show the same trend. From measurements on other mechanical systems in literature, we expect the switching rate between the stable attractors to follow Kramer's law 8,13,24,38 :…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Frequency Stochastic Switching of Graphene Resonators Near Room Temperature

et al. 2019

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Stochastic switching between the two bistable states of a strongly driven mechanical resonator enables detection of weak signals based on probability distributions, in a manner that mimics biological systems. However, conventional silicon resonators at the microscale require a large amount of fluctuation power to achieve a switching rate in the order of a few hertz. Here, we employ graphene membrane resonators of atomic thickness to achieve a stochastic switching rate of 4.1 kHz, which is 100 times faster than current state-of-the-art. The (effective) temperature of the fluctuations is approximately 400 K, which is 3000 times lower than the state-of-the-art. This shows that these membranes are potentially useful to transduce weak signals in the audible frequency domain. Furthermore, we perform numerical simulations to understand the transition dynamics of the resonator and use analytical expressions to investigate the relevant scaling parameters that allow high-frequency, low-temperature stochastic switching to be achieved in mechanical resonators.

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Optically levitated nanoparticle as a model system for stochastic bistable dynamics

Cited by 109 publications

References 36 publications

Enhancing the Speed and Sensitivity of a Nonlinear Optical Sensor with Noise

Enhancing the Speed and Sensitivity of a Nonlinear Optical Sensor with Noise

Estimation of squeezing in a nonlinear quadrature of a mechanical oscillator

High-Frequency Stochastic Switching of Graphene Resonators Near Room Temperature

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