Optics and Nonlinear Buckling Mechanics in Large-Area, Highly Stretchable Arrays of Plasmonic Nanostructures

Gao, Li; Zhang, Yihui; Zhang, Hui; Doshay, Sage; Xie, Xu; Luo, Hangzai; Shah, Deesha; Shi, Yan; Xu, Siyi; Fang, Hui; Fan, Jonathan A.; Nordlander, Peter; Huang, Yonggang; Li, Jinghua

doi:10.1021/acsnano.5b00716

Cited by 89 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In these metasurfaces, each meta-atom is a high index nanopost acting as a short waveguide, which locally imposes a certain phase shift and polarization rotation. Several efforts have been made to transfer metasurfaces (mostly plasmonic ones) to flexible substrates with the aim of tuning their frequency response using substrate deformation [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Plasmonic metasurfaces, however, have low efficiencies especially in transmission mode, which in many situations make them impractical.Here, we introduce flexible metasurfaces based on a dielectric high contrast transmitarray platform that can be conformed to a non-planar arbitrarily shaped object to modify its optical properties at will.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoupling optical function and geometrical form using conformal flexible dielectric metasurfaces

Kamali¹,

Arbabi²,

Arbabi³

et al. 2016

Nat Commun

240

207

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Physical geometry and optical properties of objects are correlated: cylinders focus light to a line, spheres to a point and arbitrarily shaped objects introduce optical aberrations. Multi-functional components with decoupled geometrical form and optical function are needed when specific optical functionalities must be provided while the shapes are dictated by other considerations like ergonomics, aerodynamics or aesthetics. Here we demonstrate an approach for decoupling optical properties of objects from their physical shape using thin and flexible dielectric metasurfaces which conform to objects' surface and change their optical properties. The conformal metasurfaces are composed of silicon nano-posts embedded in a polymer substrate that locally modify near-infrared (λ=915 nm) optical wavefronts. As proof of concept, we show that cylindrical lenses covered with metasurfaces can be transformed to function as aspherical lenses focusing light to a point. The conformal metasurface concept is highly versatile for developing arbitrarily shaped multi-functional optical devices.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoupling optical function and geometrical form using conformal flexible dielectric metasurfaces

Kamali¹,

Arbabi²,

Arbabi³

et al. 2016

Nat Commun

240

207

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show abstract

“…The integration of plasmonic nanoparticles on top of elastomeric substrates has enabled tuning of the plasmon modes (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10), but the resonances remain broad because of radiative damping. Although long-range coupling in periodic arrays can result in extremely narrow resonances (full width at half maximum (FWHM) linewidths <5 nm) (11)(12)(13), the design criteria for these lattice plasmon modes are stringent, and the quality of the arrays is fixed at the time of fabrication.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Programmable and reversible plasmon mode engineering

Yang

Hryn

Bourgeois

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

138

154

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Plasmonic nanostructures with enhanced localized optical fields as well as narrow linewidths have driven advances in numerous applications. However, the active engineering of ultranarrow resonances across the visible regime-and within a single system-has not yet been demonstrated. This paper describes how aluminum nanoparticle arrays embedded in an elastomeric slab may exhibit high-quality resonances with linewidths as narrow as 3 nm at wavelengths not accessible by conventional plasmonic materials. We exploited stretching to improve and tune simultaneously the optical response of as-fabricated nanoparticle arrays by shifting the diffraction mode relative to single-particle dipolar or quadrupolar resonances. This dynamic modulation of particle-particle spacing enabled either dipolar or quadrupolar lattice modes to be selectively accessed and individually optimized. Programmable plasmon modes offer a robust way to achieve real-time tunable materials for plasmon-enhanced molecular sensing and plasmonic nanolasers and opens new possibilities for integrating with flexible electronics.plasmonics | nanoparticles | lattice plasmons | mode engineering | flexible substrates S ingle plasmonic nanoparticles exhibit wide resonant linewidths that can be narrowed by diffractive coupling with neighboring particles (1-3) or nanoscale coupling to metal films (4). The integration of plasmonic nanoparticles on top of elastomeric substrates has enabled tuning of the plasmon modes (5-10), but the resonances remain broad because of radiative damping. Although long-range coupling in periodic arrays can result in extremely narrow resonances (full width at half maximum (FWHM) linewidths <5 nm) (11-13), the design criteria for these lattice plasmon modes are stringent, and the quality of the arrays is fixed at the time of fabrication. Here we report a platform that can selectively access and engineer the quality of distinct, broadband plasmon modes over the entire visible spectrum. Aluminum nanoparticle arrays embedded in an elastomeric slab exhibited high-quality resonances (FWHM: 3-7 nm) at wavelengths not possible for gold or silver and that could be continuously tailored over a large wavelength range (>100 nm). We exploited mechanical stretching to improve and tune simultaneously the optical response of asfabricated arrays by shifting the diffraction mode relative to the single-particle dipolar or quadrupolar resonances. Moreover, dipolar and quadrupolar lattice modes could be individually optimized by stretching along different array directions. The ability to realize programmable plasmon modes from a single system enables tunable substrates for fluorescence enhancement, photocatalysis, biosensing, nanolasers, as well as printed color pixels (14-21).Results Fig. 1 summarizes a platform that can achieve continuously tunable, high-quality lattice plasmon modes based on hexagonal arrays of aluminum nanoparticles embedded in an elastomeric slab. Aluminum nanostructures can support plasmon resonances spanning from the UV to near-IR becau...

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“…EM metamaterials have potential for application in a wide variety of areas, in particular for sensing 10–15 . Inspired by the metamaterial approach, researchers have designed various sensors to diagnose strain or force telemetrically 2–4, 16–19 . Previously reported strain- or force-measurement devices typically comprise metallic resonators, such as split-ring resonators (SRRs) 2–4 , or complex metallic nanostructures 18–22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the sensors usually need to be adhered to the surface of the tested materials, which can cause measurement errors and lead to difficulties in measuring objects with complicated structures. Recent studies have shown that either linear or nonlinear performance can be achieved by introducing elastomer materials such as polydimethylsiloxane into metal nanoparticle structures 19, 23–26 , which has enabled the development of flexible EM devices that can be mechanically tuned with large strain deformation and have broad applications in biomedical engineering. These nanostructures usually require complex fabrication processes and operate in high-frequency ranges, such as near-infrared wavelengths 19 or in the visible region 21, 22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mie resonant antenna with high sensitivity for force and strain measurement

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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We demonstrate the experimental and simulated performances of a Mie resonant antenna for force sensing with high sensitivity for compressive force and strain measurements inside soft materials. The proposed sensor is compatible with biological specimens and has small dimensions. It comprises a pair of dielectric cubes and an elastic layer of silicone rubber. The applied force is determined by measuring the redshift of the operating frequency when a mechanical load applied. Both simulated and experimental results demonstrate that the relationship between the frequency shift of the sensor and the applied compressive load could be fitted well using a quadratic equation with a maximum fitting error less than 17%, which enables highly sensitive telemetric force measurements to be performed inside structures by observing the operating frequency shift. The proposed design provides a simple and low-cost approach to realizing highly-efficient telemetric measurement inside soft materials such as biological tissues.

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Optics and Nonlinear Buckling Mechanics in Large-Area, Highly Stretchable Arrays of Plasmonic Nanostructures

Cited by 89 publications

References 14 publications

Decoupling optical function and geometrical form using conformal flexible dielectric metasurfaces

Decoupling optical function and geometrical form using conformal flexible dielectric metasurfaces

Programmable and reversible plasmon mode engineering

A Mie resonant antenna with high sensitivity for force and strain measurement

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