“…In the SSA field, plentiful research efforts have been made to explore search auction mechanism design (e.g., Huang and Kauffman, 2011; and search user behavior analysis (e.g., Lo et al, 2014;Vragov et al, 2019;Lian et al 2021), empirical analysis of performance indices (e.g., Yang et al, 2018;Jeziorski and Moorthy, 2018;Schultz, 2020;Yang and Zhai, 2022), and advertising decisions including bidding optimization (e.g., Küç ükaydin et al, 2020;Kim et al, 2021), budget optimization (e.g., Yang et al, 2012;Yang and Xiong, 2020;Avadhanula et al, 2021;Yang et al, 2021b), and keyword optimization (e.g., Qiao et al, 2017;Nie et al, 2019;Scholz et al, 2019;Song et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2021). This study focuses on one particular type of keyword decisions, i.e., keyword targeting, which draws from two research streams, namely keyword selection and keyword matching.…”