Optimal Allocation Method for Energy Storage Capacity Considering Dynamic Time-of-Use Electricity Prices and On-Site Consumption of New Energy

Abstract

Configuring energy storage devices can effectively improve the on-site consumption rate of new energy such as wind power and photovoltaic, and alleviate the planning and construction pressure of external power grids on grid-connected operation of new energy. Therefore, a dual layer optimization configuration method for energy storage capacity with source load collaborative participation is proposed. The external model introduces a demand-side response strategy, determines the peak, flat, and valley periods of the time-of-use electricity price-based on the distribution characteristics of load and new energy output, and further aims to maximize the revenue of the wind and solar storage system. With the peak, flat, and valley electricity price as the decision variable, an outer optimization model is established. Based on the optimized electricity price, the user’s electricity consumption in each period is adjusted, and the results are transmitted to the inner optimization model. The internal model takes the configuration power and energy storage capacity in the wind and solar storage system as decision variables, establishes a multi-objective function that comprehensively considers the on-site consumption rate of new energy and the cost of energy storage configuration, and feeds back the optimization results of the inner layer to the outer layer optimization model. Use ISSA-MOPSO algorithm to solve the optimized configuration model. Finally, the rationality of the proposed model and algorithm in terms of on-site consumption rate and economy of new energy is verified through numerical examples.

Integrated Planning and Operation Dispatching of Source–Grid–Load–Storage in a New Power System: A Coupled Socio–Cyber–Physical Perspective

“…[77][78][79]82,83,85] The judicious application of collaborative planning technology holds significant importance for the new power system. By thoroughly analyzing the distribution and output characteristics of diverse energy resources, effective collaborative operation schemes can be devised among fossil and renewable energy sources, along with energy storage devices [86,87]. The coordinated and complementary operation of multiple energy sources is enabled, as depicted in Figure 9, and overall energy utilization efficiency is enhanced and the capacity for renewable energy consumption is bolstered [88].…”

A Review of Barriers and Enables in Demand Response Performance Chain

“…Shoulder periods fall between peak and off-peak periods, and their rates are generally moderate [52]. TOU pricing encourages consumers to shift their electricity usage to off-peak periods, reducing strain on the grid during peak hours and incentivizing energy conservation [53]. CPP is a more dynamic pricing mechanism that charges consumers significantly higher rates during specific critical peak hours when the demand for electricity is exceptionally high [54].…”

“…Energy storage technologies, such as batteries, allow for the efficient storage and discharge of electricity. When integrated with DR, energy storage systems can provide immediate energy supply during peak demand, enhancing the effectiveness of load-shifting strategies [53]. Blockchain technology offers a decentralized and transparent approach to energy transactions; it can facilitate peer-to-peer energy trading and enable innovative DR schemes, fostering more dynamic and flexible energy markets.…”

“…This could provide further flexibility in the electricity system and reduce the overall carbon footprint. This scheme underscores the potential of hydrogen in facilitating DR. By transforming surplus electricity into a storable commodity and then converting it back to electricity as needed, a hydrogen-based energy storage system can provide a powerful tool to balance supply and demand, especially in power grids with a high share of intermittent renewable energy sources [53,124]. The German "NEW 4.0" project in the northern Germany region aims to combine renewable energy generation, hydrogen production, and DR to create a flexible and sustainable energy system [125].…”