Optimal allocation of EVs parking lots and DG in micro grid using two‐stage GA‐PSO

Abstract

In this paper, the optimal allocation problem of the Electric Vehicles Parking Lots and DG in micro-grid is studied as a novel optimization problem. In the proposed problem, the different factors including the technical and the economic issues are considered for achieving a realistic solution. In addition, FACTS devices have been added to the network by considering the costs of installation, repair and maintenance, and their effecton the technical and economic parameters of the network has been investigated. Also, how to optimally charge and discharge storage devices and how to optimally inject active or reactive power by charging stations to improve energy management in the network has been studied. In order to evaluate the impact and reduce economic costs, the optimal number of distributed renewable energy, storage and FACTS equipment along with the optimal number of parking lots with Existence of different number of electric vehicles in the survey and microgrid network has been designed using a two-stage optimization method. The method is simulated on the standard IEEE 33 bus. The results show that the optimal power factor of parking lots can be determined during the unloading of vehicles in such a way that the technical parameter of the network is improved.

A Comprehensive Review and Analysis of the Allocation of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in Distribution Networks

“…These figures encapsulate insights gleaned from a diverse array of sources, encompassing the electrical grid (Figure 8) , DG (Figure 9) , DG coupled with ESS (Figure 10) [179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194][195], as well as capacitors and DG (Figure 11) [196][197][198][199][200][201][202]. Additionally, the analysis extends to DFACTS and DG (Figure 12) [203][204][205][206], and delves into protective devices alongside supplementary energy sources, in tandem with NR (Figure 13) [207][208][209][210][211], all meticulously cited within a range of recent publications. Within this comprehensive overview, several salient observations emerge.…”

“…Only Capacitor [197,198] Evolutionary Algorithms [199,201] Grid Stability [199,202] Reduced Losses [196,197,[199][200][201][202] Load Optimization [199,202] Voltage Profile [196,197,[199][200][201][202] Economic Efficiency [197,198,200,202] IEEE [200] Elsevier [196,198,199] MDPI [202] Taylor & Francis [197] Capacitor & DG [196,[199][200][201][202] Energy [201] Economical [198] Multi-Objective [196, 197, 199- Evolutionary Algorithms [203] Grid Stability [205,206] IEEE [203] Wiley [206] MDPI [204] Taylor & Francis [205] DSVC & DG [206] Energy [203] Multi-Objective…”

Integration of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations and DSTATCOM in Practical Indian Distribution Systems Using Bald Eagle Search Algorithm

“…Furthermore, there is a substantial body of literature on the simultaneous installation of EVCS with DGs and DSTAT-COMs/capacitors. Table-1 [2], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36] provides a complete review of current research on EVCS planning using Distribution Generator (DG), Capacitor, Network Reconfiguration (NR), Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), and DSTATCOM for various types of distribution systems, optimization methodologies, and objective functions.…”

Modelling and Allocation of Hydrogen-Fuel-Cell-Based Distributed Generation to Mitigate Electric Vehicle Charging Station Impact and Reliability Analysis on Electrical Distribution Systems

“…The authors focus on the integration of EVs and DG into microgrids to improve energy efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. The proposed two-stage optimization approach considers the placement of EV parking lots and DG units [20]. The article presents a valuable contribution to the ideal appointment and sizing of EVCSs in a grid-tied DC microgrid.…”