Optimal configuration of redundant real-time systems in the face of correlated failure

Krishna, C.M.; Singh, Amritpal

doi:10.1109/24.475977

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…-correlated transient faults EDCC error detection and correction codes EMI electromagnetic interference ITF -independent transient faults TMR triple-modular-redundancy strategy TMR-C conventional TMR TMR-N TMR with computations TMR-Q TMR with Quintuple computation TMR-QC TMR with Quintuple and Concatenated computation 1 The singular and plural of an acronym are always spelled the same.…”

Section: Ctfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Computers in these life-critical control applications must be designed to meet stringent reliability specifications, which are often achieved by introducing hardware and software redundancies. The reliability of a control system over the mission is the probability that its entire critical workload executes successfully on-time over the period [1], [12].…”

Section: Ctfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, transient faults affecting several processors (or components) simultaneously are called CTF [1], [11]; in the literature they are also called coincident faults resulting from a common-cause [5] or dependent faults [2]. CTF are caused mostly by external factors such as EMI, and are especially important in aerospace [1], which is characterized by an environment containing important electromagnetic and elementary particle radiation. For example, airborne computers can be disrupted by lightning strikes.…”

Section: Ctfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reference [5] suggests a method to eliminate or alleviate the effects of coincident faults by sequencing tasks on different modules in a TMR system. Reference [1] tried to find the optimal configuration of duplexes and triplexes under CTF, ITF, and permanent faults. This paper continues this earlier work [1], [2], [5] directed at enabling controllers to tolerate CTF and ITF.…”

Section: Ctfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reference [1] tried to find the optimal configuration of duplexes and triplexes under CTF, ITF, and permanent faults. This paper continues this earlier work [1], [2], [5] directed at enabling controllers to tolerate CTF and ITF. Simple methods are proposed to enable TMR systems to tolerate ITF and CTF, where a fault is assumed to have a finite duration.…”

Section: Ctfmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Task-scheduling strategies for reliable TMR controllers using task grouping and assignment

Kwak

Kim

2000

IEEE Trans. Rel.

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and Conclusions-Real-time computers are often used in embedded, life-critical applications where high reliability is important. A common approach to make such systems dependable is to vote on redundant processors executing multiple copies of the same task. The most popular redundant structure is Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR). The processors that make up such systems are subject not only to independently occurring permanent & transient faults, but to correlated transient faults, such as electromagnetic interference (EMI) caused by the operating environment. This paper proposes two new scheduling strategies for TMR computer-controllers. Both strategies can tolerate correlated faults as well as independent faults. These strategies, TMR-R (TMR with Rotated task group) and TMR-Q (TMR with Quintuple computation), are developed using task grouping and assignment. To evaluate the reliability of these strategies, a discrete-time Markov model for control systems is devised. Reliability equations for the TMR-R and TMR-Q are derived from state transitions of sampling intervals based on the Markov model. The reliability of these TMR is proved by comparing them with a conventional TMR, using numerical analysis. These proposed strategies are anticipated to be useful for control systems operating in harsh environments, such as controllers of airplanes or nuclear power plants.

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Section: Ctfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ctfmentioning

confidence: 99%