Nomenclature a = semimajor axis, m b = magnetic field vector, T e = eccentricity f = true anomaly, rad h = specific angular momentum magnitude, m 2 ∕s i = inclination, rad J n = nth zonal harmonic coefficient M = mean anomaly, rad m = mass, kg m = magnetic dipole vector, A · m 2 n = mean motion, rad∕s p = semilatus rectum, m q = electrical charge, C q 1 = e cos ω q 2 = e sin ω r = orbit radius magnitude, m r = position vector, m v = velocity vector, m∕s W = controllability Gramian z = orbital element vector ΔV = Delta-v magnitude, m∕s δt = Dirac Delta function θ = true latitude, rad λ = mean latitude, rad μ = gravitational parameter, m 3 ∕s 2 ν = Gramian eigenvector Φ = state transition matrix Ω = right ascension of ascending node, rad ω = angular velocity vector, rad∕s ω = argument of periapsis, rad Subscripts c = chief d = deputy L = Lorentz force-related r = reference quantity = Earth-related quantity Superscript · = mean element quantity