“…These include goal-oriented techniques employing the dual-weighted residual method [6] with specific findings in fluid-structure interaction, e.g., in [50,38,26,13,14,39,18]. In numerical optimization such as optimal control, optimal design and parameter estimation, we list [37,27,31,16,15,30,40,48,17]. For gradient-based techniques, the usual approach is via the formal Lagrange formalism resulting in an optimality system to compute stationary points [32,1,28,44].…”