Optimal control of a repowered vehicle: Plug-in fuel cell against plug-in hybrid electric powertrain

Abstract

Articles you may be interested inStorage scheduling for optimal energy management in active distribution network considering load, wind, and plug-in electric vehicles uncertainties J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 7, 033120 (2015); 10.1063/1.4922004Mitigating the volatility of renewable distributed generators with plug-in electric vehicles in optimal operation of active distribution networks Abstract. This paper describes two different powertrain configurations for the repowering of a conventional vehicle, equipped with an internal combustion engine (ICE). A model of a mid-sized ICE-vehicle is realized and then modified to model both a parallel plug-in hybrid electric powertrain and a proton electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell (FC) hybrid powertrain. The vehicle behavior under the application of an optimal control algorithm for the energy management is analyzed for the different scenarios and results are compared.

Experimental Comparison of Three Real-Time Optimization Strategies Applied to Renewable/FC-Based Hybrid Power Systems Based on Load-Following Control

“…Several factors influence tracking efficiency. These factors are: the dynamics of the load; the RES power profile; and last but not least, the tracking time (the response time of the search loop) [25][26][27][28][29].…”

“…These strategies can find and track in real-time the optimal solution or a suboptimal solution close to it [7,12]. The RTO strategies usually use optimization algorithms such as the Extremum Seeking (ES) algorithms [13,14], the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) [15,16], the intelligent algorithms [17][18][19], the Model Predictive Control (MPC) schemes [20,21], and so on [22][23][24][25][26]. From these RTO-strategies, the ECMSs based on Pontryagin's Minimum Principle (PMP) [26,27] or Dynamic Programming (DP) are most used for FC-HPS [10].…”

Design and Simulation of a Powertrain System for a Fuel Cell Extended Range Electric Golf Car

“…For example, Tribiori et al propose a vehicle equipped by an auto-thermal reformer and, in order to minimize the hydrogen buffer size, the control algorithm is subject to constraints on the maximum hydrogen buffer level [22,23]. The proposal is based on the use of an ATR reformer and a high temperature PEM fuel cell where the fuels used are isooctane (C 8 H 18 ), propane (C 3 H 8 ) and methane (CH 4 ) [24,25].…”

“…The loss due to the transport of mass in the CCL is equal to: (25) where σ t is the ionic conductivity in the CCL; F is the Faraday constant; D is the oxygen diffusion coefficient in the CCL; and β is a dimensionless parameter based on the value of the dimensionless current density j 0 that is related with the polarisation curve of the cell, where its value is usually within a transition speed of ∼ =1 for PEM cells [40]…”

“…Block 17 corresponds to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The model is based on the electro-chemical equations that are analyzed (Equations (21)- (25)). These equations are derived from the polarization curve of the cathode side and take into account the activation, ohmic, and mass transport losses.…”