Optimal Control of a Reverse Osmosis Plant for Brackish Water Desalination Driven by Intermittent Wind Power

Esrafili, Ali

doi:10.3390/membranes12040375

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Among the most affected sectors is the demand for fresh water and food. In recent years, freshwater production has been remedied with the increase in desalination plants, while the large amount of waste produced goes mostly to urban solid waste treatment plants [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are multiple freshwater production systems, such as multi-effect evaporation and membrane separation technology using reverse osmosis systems. It is known that desalination plants cannot achieve production yields of 100%, which is why this freshwater production generated a waste estimated at a volume of 141 Mm 3 of concentrated brine in 2020 [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Natural and Synthetic Fabrics for the Treatment of Complex Wastes

López-Borrell,

Lora-García,

Fombuena

et al. 2023

Polymers

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In the present study, nine fabrics have been tested for brackish water treatment with the aim of industrial application under the concept of zero liquid discharge (ZLD). Moisture content was determined, where it was observed that the lignocellulosic fabrics had a moisture content ranging from 2.5 to 8.5%. The wetting contact angle showed that the flax with polylactic acid (LPLA) was the most hydrophobic. The determination of the liquid absorption capacity showed that, of the synthetic fabrics, the one with the highest absorption, both in distilled water and in brackish water, was the polyester (PES) fabric with an absorption of 816% compared to its initial weight. In the natural fabrics, the highest absorption capacity was shown by the wet-laid without treatment (WL-WT) fabric for both distilled water and brackish water, although it required several cycles of operation to maintain this stable absorption. Exposure to brackish water improved the absorption capacity of all samples. Mechanical and thermal characterization showed that the synthetic fabrics were more resistant than the natural fabrics, although they may compete in terms of applicability. The capillarity study showed that the most hydrophilic fabrics completed the test the fastest. Finally, the composting degradation test showed that those fabrics with polylactic acid (PLA) content degraded faster in the first 14 days and thereafter the degradation of the lignocellulosic content showed a slower degradation until 112 days. The Bam fabric did not degrade during the course of the experiment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Natural and Synthetic Fabrics for the Treatment of Complex Wastes

López-Borrell,

Lora-García,

Fombuena

et al. 2023

Polymers

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show abstract

“…In particular, there has been recent interest in technologies that combine renewable energy (RE) with RO desalination to provide small-scale domestic water supply [6]. This method can not only provide a stable water supply in areas where there are no existing water supply facilities, but it can also reduce the cost of electricity by using RE sources such as solar and/or wind power [6,7]. Nevertheless, RE-powered RO desalination technology has its challenges associated with the intermittency and the variability of the renewable energy sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) to Analyze Membrane Fouling under Intermittent Operation

et al. 2023

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There is increasing interest in membrane systems powered by renewable energy sources, including solar and wind, that are suitable for decentralized water supply in islands and remote regions. These membrane systems are often operated intermittently with extended shutdown periods to minimize the capacity of the energy storage devices. However, relatively little information is available on the effect of intermittent operation on membrane fouling. In this work, the fouling of pressurized membranes under intermittent operation was investigated using an approach based on optical coherence tomography (OCT), which allows non-destructive and non-invasive examination of membrane fouling. In reverse osmosis (RO), intermittently operated membranes were investigated by OCT-based characterization. Several model foulants such as NaCl and humic acids were used, as well as real seawater. The cross-sectional OCT images of the fouling were visualized as a three-dimensional volume using Image J. The OCT images were used to quantitatively measure the thickness of foulants on the membrane surfaces under different operating conditions. The results showed that intermittent operation retarded the flux decrease due to fouling compared to continuous operation. The OCT analysis showed that the foulant thickness was significantly reduced by the intermittent operation. The decrease in foulant layer thickness was found to occur when the RO process was restarted in intermittent operation.

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“…The pretreatment and membrane-cleaning processes of calcium and magnesium were put forward. In 2022, Ali [24] optimized the control system of an intermittent wind-driven brackish water reverse osmosis desalination device, which continuously adjusted the reverse osmosis desalination device through the auxiliary wind-driven water storage tank. In summary, the separation and desalination of farmland saline-alkaline water are still in the exploratory stage, and efforts are still needed to develop an efficient and effective separation and desalination technique for saline-alkaline water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Testing of a Separation and Desalination Device for Farmland Saline–Alkaline Water in Arid Areas

Yang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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To solve the problem of soil salination and to desalinate saline–alkaline water in arid areas, this study involved the design and testing of a separation and desalination device for farmland saline–alkaline water that is suitable for arid areas. The results of this study indicate that after the pretreatment of farmland saline–alkaline water, the water yielded by the pretreatment device had a mean turbidity of <1 and a mean silt density index (SDI) of <3, which met the working conditions of nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. When used to filter saline–alkaline water, the composite NF–RO membrane system achieved a desalination rate of 97.06%, a total hardness removal rate of 97.83%, and a Cl− removal rate of 99.65%, which satisfied the standard for irrigation water quality. Some indicators of the yielded water reached the hygienic standard for drinking water, thus successfully reutilizing water resources. The circulating solar collector tube of the device was designed with a collection area of 6 m2, which could basically satisfy the heat demand of the flash tank for distillation. The design of the flash tank and the shell-and-tube circulating condenser met the requirements for vapor condensation. The crystals in the solar salt box precipitated under solar action. X-ray diffraction was used to identify the primary compound of the crystals as NaCl, suggesting that the precipitates have potential value as industrial salts. This study offers new technical references and helpful engineering guidance for arid saline–alkaline enrichment areas facing the problem of saline farmland irrigation water.

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Optimal Control of a Reverse Osmosis Plant for Brackish Water Desalination Driven by Intermittent Wind Power

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

Characterization of Natural and Synthetic Fabrics for the Treatment of Complex Wastes

Characterization of Natural and Synthetic Fabrics for the Treatment of Complex Wastes

Application of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) to Analyze Membrane Fouling under Intermittent Operation

Design and Testing of a Separation and Desalination Device for Farmland Saline–Alkaline Water in Arid Areas

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