In this paper, the finite difference scheme of the spatiotemporal fractional convection-diffusion equation is established, and its stability and convergence are proved. Furthermore, this discrete technique is extended to solve nonlinear spatiotemporal fractional convection-diffusion equations. By using the Krylov subspace method to solve the discrete system, the numerical solution of the spatiotemporal fractional convection-diffusion equation can be obtained quickly. In this paper, an efficient optimal control algorithm is proposed to solve the free control problem of a class of nonlinear time-delay systems. We obtained the optimal control law of the system through the Bellman optimality principle, obtained the asymptotic stability criterion of the system in the form of LMI under the optimal control input by using the Lyapunov stability theory, and discussed the effect of the delay parameter on the system stability. Using the principle of intelligent neural network approximation function, the evaluation neural network and the execution neural network are used to approximate the optimal performance index function and optimal control input, respectively, the optimal control strategy of the system is obtained, and the convergence of the weight estimation error is proved to be optimal. On the basis of optimal state adjustment, the optimal tracking control problem is further solved. Numerical example results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of stability analysis, optimal state control, and optimal tracking control for the nonlinear time-delay system proposed in this paper. We calculate the parameters of the conveyor and select a reasonable transmission and sorting mechanism to realize the speed regulation of the driving motor of each mechanism. Through the work of each part, the design scheme of the automatic transmission system is formed, and the reliability, practicability, and economy of the system are guaranteed.