Optimal Control of Battery Energy Storage for Wind Farm Dispatching

Abstract

Integrating a battery energy storage system (BESS) with a large wind farm can make a wind farm more dispatchable. This paper focuses on development of a control strategy for optimal use of the BESS for this purpose. The paper considers an open-loop optimal control scheme to incorporate the operating constraints of the BESS, such as state of charge limits, charge/discharge current limits, and lifetime. The goal of the control is to have the BESS to provide as much smoothing as possible, so that the wind farm can be dispatched on an hourly basis based on the forecasted wind conditions. The effectiveness of this control strategy has been tested by using an actual wind farm data. Furthermore, a real-time implementation strategy using model predictive control is also proposed. Finally, it is shown that the control strategy is very important in improving the BESS performance for this application.Index Terms-Battery energy storage system (BESS), dispatchability, model predictive control (MPC), optimal control, wind energy.

Apartment Building Energy Management System in Group Optimization with Electricity Interchange Using In-Vehicle Batteries

“…Therefore, the Model-predictive control (MPC) should be applied to the charge/discharge scheduling of the in-vehicle batteries, because the MPC process can respond the variation of electricity consumption and electricity generation in progress of time [5], [8], [14], [15]. With this reason, the authors have applied the MPC process to the HEMS with V2H system.…”

“…The EMSs require electricity storages as buffers to be more robust from highly fluctuation in demand and supply of electricity [2]. The energy storages are especially required for renewable energy such as solar power [3], [4] or wind power [5].…”

Optimal Power Control Strategy for Wind Farm with Energy Storage System

“…The first method is based on the low-pass filter (LPF), where the dispatch power is determined by passing the wind power through the LPF [8]. The second method is the constant power dispatch, where the dispatch power is the average value of the wind power in each hour [9]. The third method named the min-max dispatching strategy was introduced in [10], where the dispatch power is assigned with either the minimum or maximum wind power in each dispatching interval.…”

Optimization of Wind Power Dispatch to Minimize Energy Storage System Capacity

“…The pitch angle is controlled to regulate the wind turbine (WT) output power following a smoothened power reference; however, this method increases system complexity, and the WT might not capture the maximum power of the wind [6]. Recently, the utilization of energy storage systems (ESSs) as an energy buffer to compensate for wind power fluctuation has been proposed and investigated in several literatures [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Compared with previous solutions, ESSs can help wind energy conversion systems harness the maximum available wind power; this valuable outcome is actually the most fundamental demand in renewable energy systems.…”

“…In other words, to minimize ESS capacity for a WF, wind power dispatched to the grid needs to be well-defined. In [8][9][10], the power dispatch is planned by taking the average wind power ahead of time for every dispatching time interval. Meanwhile, in [11] and [12], the power dispatch is determined using the maximum or minimum levels of wind power in each dispatching interval, which depends on whether the ESS is charging or discharging.…”