“…In this study, the problem types that are mainly studied by means of CSA are grouped as follows: function optimization (i.e., multi modal optimization and continuous function optimization), pattern recognition (PR) (i.e., binary character and face detection), design (i.e., continuous design, electromagnetic design, and hardware/software design), scheduling (i.e., job shop scheduling and project scheduling), industrial engineering (IE) related problems (i.e., facility location, layout, assembly planning, and material handling systems), TSP, and The most common type of problem solved by CSA is function optimization (Acan 2004;Cutello et al 2005;De Castro and Von Zuben 2002;Dilettoso and Salerno 2006;Garrett 2004;Du et al 2002;Khilwani et al 2008;Kelsey and Timmis 2003;Liu et al 2009;Ramaswamy et al 2007;Yang et al 2008aYang et al , 2008b. Then, the pattern recognition type problems have a notable number of studies (Garain et al 2006;Li et al 2008;Ma et al 2006;Watkins et al 2003;White and Garrett 2003;and Zhang and Hou 2003) followed by design problems (Akdagli et al 2007;Campelo et al 2004Campelo et al , 2005Dong et al 2007;Garain et al 2006;Moghaddam and Kardan 2009;Wang 2005;Wu et al 2009;and Zuo and Fan 2003).…”