Optimal Coordinated Management of a Plug-In Electric Vehicle Charging Station under a Flexible Penalty Contract for Voltage Security

Kim, Jip; Kim, Seung Wan; Jin, Young Gyu; Park, Jong–Keun; Yoon, Yong Tae

doi:10.3390/en9070538

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The main approaches for dealing with this issue that has been discussed to date deal with the coordinated charging of multiple PEVs in (1) a fleet of vehicles plugged into the grid through charging stations and (2) vehicles plugged into chargers connected at different locations in the distribution grids [9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Probabilistic Approach for the Optimal Sizing of Storage Devices to Increase the Penetration of Plug-in Electric Vehicles in Direct Current Networks

et al. 2018

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The growing diffusion of electric vehicles connected to distribution networks for charging purposes is an ongoing problem that utilities must deal with. Direct current networks and storage devices have emerged as a feasible means of satisfying the expected increases in the numbers of vehicles while preserving the effective operation of the network. In this paper, an innovative probabilistic methodology is proposed for the optimal sizing of electrical storage devices with the aim of maximizing the penetration of plug-in electric vehicles while preserving efficient and effective operation of the network. The proposed methodology is based on an analytical solution of the problem concerning the power losses minimization in distribution networks equipped with storage devices. The closed-form expression that was obtained is included in a Monte Carlo simulation procedure aimed at handling the uncertainties in loads and renewable generation units. The results of several numerical applications are reported and discussed to demonstrate the validity of the proposed solution. Also, different penetration levels of generation units were analyzed in order to focus on the importance of renewable generation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Probabilistic Approach for the Optimal Sizing of Storage Devices to Increase the Penetration of Plug-in Electric Vehicles in Direct Current Networks

et al. 2018

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“…Nonetheless, the lithium battery has been considered one of the major viable energy storage media in electric cars [4][5][6][7]. To meet the voltage and power requirements of cars, if we use small-capacity and low-power lithium cells, as in Tesla's Model S, then the cells should be connected in parallel or/and series fashion [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Management of Parallel-Connected Cells in Electric Vehicles Based on Fuzzy Logic Control

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Inconsistencies that are associated with parallel-connected cells used in electric vehicles induce varied states of charge (SOCs) in each cell. Thus, loop current in the battery pack is inevitable, and this reduces overall capacity, energy utilization rate, and pack lifetime. However, no method is available to address loop current. To reduce loop current and the resulting battery inconsistency, a parallel-connected cell pack (PCCP) model that considers thermal effects is established, and a novel Simscape model that is based on PCCP is successfully constructed. Furthermore, the strategy of parallel-connected cell energy management (PCCEM) is proposed to utilize fuzzy logic control (FLC) strategy, which automatically adjusts the number of cells in a circuit in accordance with the load demand, and turns on the first N switches in the corresponding SOC order. The New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) driving cycle simulation shows that the PCCEM strategy considerably reduces loop current and improves the consistency of battery performance and the utilization rate of battery power.

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“…Nevertheless, the penetration of PEV charging systems in the conventional power distribution system may negatively affect the power distribution network in terms of voltage drops and power losses [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Moreover, as the charging of the PEVs is uncoordinated in the existing power distribution network, the penetration of the PEVs will eventually become a burden for the conventional network [ 5 , 6 ]. To optimize the PEV charging system with coordination from a variety of perspectives, several studies have been performed to analyze the possible impacts on the power systems by the PEV charging loads [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Threshold-Based Random Charging Scheme for Decentralized PEV Charging Operation in a Smart Grid

Kwon

Kim

Yoon

2016

Sensors

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Smart grids have been introduced to replace conventional power distribution systems without real time monitoring for accommodating the future market penetration of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). When a large number of PEVs require simultaneous battery charging, charging coordination techniques have become one of the most critical factors to optimize the PEV charging performance and the conventional distribution system. In this case, considerable computational complexity of a central controller and exchange of real time information among PEVs may occur. To alleviate these problems, a novel threshold-based random charging (TBRC) operation for a decentralized charging system is proposed. Using PEV charging thresholds and random access rates, the PEVs themselves can participate in the charging requests. As PEVs with a high battery state do not transmit the charging requests to the central controller, the complexity of the central controller decreases due to the reduction of the charging requests. In addition, both the charging threshold and the random access rate are statistically calculated based on the average of supply power of the PEV charging system that do not require a real time update. By using the proposed TBRC with a tolerable PEV charging degradation, a 51% reduction of the PEV charging requests is achieved.

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Optimal Coordinated Management of a Plug-In Electric Vehicle Charging Station under a Flexible Penalty Contract for Voltage Security

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

A Probabilistic Approach for the Optimal Sizing of Storage Devices to Increase the Penetration of Plug-in Electric Vehicles in Direct Current Networks

A Probabilistic Approach for the Optimal Sizing of Storage Devices to Increase the Penetration of Plug-in Electric Vehicles in Direct Current Networks

Energy Management of Parallel-Connected Cells in Electric Vehicles Based on Fuzzy Logic Control

Threshold-Based Random Charging Scheme for Decentralized PEV Charging Operation in a Smart Grid

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