Optimal Coordination of Overcurrent Relays in Microgrids Considering a Non-Standard Characteristic

Saldarriaga-Zuluaga, Sergio D.; López-Lezama, Jesús M.; Muñóz-Galeano, Nicolás

doi:10.3390/en13040922

Cited by 48 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In operation mode 3, the microgrid operates in island mode and the load is supplied by the DG units. The short circuit levels in every operation mode for every fault can be consulted in [9]. The results of the protection coordination are presented in Table I and Table II.…”

Section: Tests and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, traditional protection schemes designed for radial power flow are not suitable in microgrids [8]. This is due to a series of factors such as bidirectional power flows, dynamic characteristics of micro sources, limitation of fault currents during islanded mode as well as the number and type of DG technologies within the microgrid [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Optimal Coordination of Overcurrent Relays in Microgrids using a Metaheuristic Approach

Saldarriaga-Zuluaga¹,

Zuluaga²,

Muñóz-Galeano³

et al. 2020

International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

One of the key technical issues in the practical implementation of microgrids is their protection coordination scheme. The protection coordination of a microgrid must be able to meet the basic protection requirements of selectivity, sensitivity and reliability for several operation modes or topologies. This paper presents an optimal coordination approach of overcurrent relays in microgrids that can be used for several operation modes or topologies. The protection coordination is solved by a genetic algorithm (GA). Several tests were performed on a benchmark IEC microgrid showing the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed approach. The proposed GA is able to find the protection coordination of overcurrent relays for several operative topologies guaranteeing coordination between main and backup relays.

show abstract

Section: Tests and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Coordination of Overcurrent Relays in Microgrids using a Metaheuristic Approach

Saldarriaga-Zuluaga¹,

Zuluaga²,

Muñóz-Galeano³

et al. 2020

International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In Ref. [22], a genetic algorithm-based coordination optimization is used to coordinate relays with the additional constraints proposed in Ref. [21].…”

Section: General Methods For Inverse Time-overcurrent Relay Coordinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method proposed in his paper focus on standard overcurrent relay characteristics. However, for a more in-depth discussion of custom relay settings in digital relays, the reader is referred to [20][21][22][23].…”

Section: General Methods For Inverse Time-overcurrent Relay Coordinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Per-Phase and 3-Phase Optimal Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays Using Genetic Algorithm

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Penetration of the power grid by renewable energy sources, distributed storage, and distributed generators is becoming increasingly common. Increased utilization of these distributed energy resources (DERs) has given rise to additional protection coordination concerns, particularly where they are utilized in an unbalanced manner or where loading among phases is unbalanced. Digital relays such as the SEL-751 (produced by Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Pullman, WA, USA) series have the capability of being set on a per-phase basis. This capability is underutilized in common practice. Additionally, in optimization algorithms for determining relay settings, the time-overcurrent characteristics (TOCs) of relays are generally not treated as variables and are assigned before running the optimization algorithm. In this paper, TOC options themselves are treated as discrete variables to be considered in the optimization algorithm. A mixed integer nonlinear programming problem (MINLP) is set up where the goal is to minimize relay operating times. A genetic algorithm (GA) approach is implemented in MATLAB where two cases are considered. In the first case, the TOC and Time dial setting (TDS) of each relay is set on a three-phase basis. In the second case, per-phase settings are considered. Relay TDSs and TOCs are both considered as simultaneous discrete control variables. Despite the stochastic nature of using per-phase settings for unbalanced systems is found to generally allow for shorter operating times. However, for relatively balanced systems, it is best to use three-phase settings if computation time is of importance.

show abstract

“…For a proper selection of the PSM maximum value, authors in [21] proposed PSM upper limit a variable of decision; obtaining faster responses and guaranteeing a proper coordination scheme. Our paper complements and expands the research presented in [21] by also considering different standard characteristic curves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive protection coordination scheme in microgrids using directional over-current relays with non-standard characteristics

Saldarriaga-Zuluaga

López-Lezama

Muñóz-Galeano

2021

Heliyon

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Protection coordination of AC microgrids (MGs) is a challenging task since they can operate either in grid-connected or islanded mode which drastically modifies the fault currents. In this context, traditional approaches to protection coordination, that only consider the time multiplier setting (TMS) as a decision variable may no longer be able to guarantee network security. This paper presents a novel approach for protection coordination in AC MGs that incorporates non-standard characteristic features of directional over-current relays (OCRs). Three optimization variables are considered for each relay: TMS, maximum limit of the plug setting multiplier (PSM) and standard characteristic curve (SCC). The proposed model corresponds to a mixed integer non-linear programming problem. Four metaheuristic techniques were implemented for solving the optimal coordination problem, namely: particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), teaching-learning based optimization (TLBO) algorithm and shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA). Numerous tests were run on an IEC MG as well as with the distribution portion of the IEEE 30-bus test system. Both systems incorporate distributed generation (DG) and feature several modes of operation. A comparison was made with other MG protection coordination approaches proposed in the specialized literature. In all cases, the proposed approach found reduced coordination times, evidencing the applicability and efficacy of the proposed approach.

show abstract

Optimal Coordination of Overcurrent Relays in Microgrids Considering a Non-Standard Characteristic

Cited by 48 publications

References 27 publications

Optimal Coordination of Overcurrent Relays in Microgrids using a Metaheuristic Approach

Optimal Coordination of Overcurrent Relays in Microgrids using a Metaheuristic Approach

Per-Phase and 3-Phase Optimal Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays Using Genetic Algorithm

Adaptive protection coordination scheme in microgrids using directional over-current relays with non-standard characteristics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About