“…It is of vital importance to select proper immobilization basis for protein immobilization. Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles have been intensively utilized to realize this objective due to its unique magnetic performance, and various practical and economical biocatalysts with improved stability and reusability have been fabricated based on Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles, which could be easily separated from the reaction medium in the presence of external magnetic field [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114]. Proteins could be immobilized onto Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles in the manner of physical absorption [95,96,97], covalent bonding [98,99,100,101,102,103,104], and bioconjugation [105,106,107].…”