Optimal Day-ahead Operation for a PV-based Battery Swapping Station for Electric Vehicles

Shalaby, Ahmed A.; Shaaban, Mostafa; Mokhtar, Mohamed; Zeineldin, H. H.; El-Saadany, Ehab F.

doi:10.1109/efea49713.2021.9406274

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…First, the battery's target SOC can be specified by the driver in their personal request. Second, during busy service times, the BSS can serve batteries that are not fully recharged to minimize the waiting time, and drivers can obtain a discount as compensation [43]. Third, battery charging characteristics allow a constant current to be used to quickly recharge the battery from 0% to approximately 80%, and the charging power in the remaining stage is significantly lower [42].…”

Section: ) Flexible Socmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Battery Swapping Stations for Electric Vehicles: Operation Modes and Decision Scenarios

2022

IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The population of electric vehicles (EVs) has grown rapidly over the past decade due to the development of EV technologies, battery materials, charger facilities, and public charging services. Many governments have implemented plans to ban fossil fuel vehicles considering the significance of EVs in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, due to the battery material characteristics and charger power limitations, the EV charging process requires more time than is needed to fill a non-EV with fuel at a gasoline station, causing drivers to experience range anxiety and impeding the promotion of EVs. Hence, the battery swapping station (BSS) model has been proposed as an alternative method. Recently, researchers have studied the BSS approach by proposing various operation systems and optimization methods, and BSS service operators have successfully implemented swapping at commercial and private stations. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art BSS literature and business models, where the BSS offers a recharged battery to an incoming EV with a low state-of-charge. First, four operation modes are presented: a single BSS, multiple BSSs, an integrated BSS and battery charging station (BCS), and multiple BSSs and BCSs. Then, the BSS decision scenarios are surveyed in relation to five operational areas, i.e., charging schedule, service policy, construction and planning, dispatching and routing, and power management, where the scenarios are compared in terms of the BSS mode, decision maker, EV category, number of battery types, vehicle to grid, and focus and objective. Finally, the survey concludes with a discussion of several future research directions for EV BSSs.

show abstract

Section: ) Flexible Socmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Battery Swapping Stations for Electric Vehicles: Operation Modes and Decision Scenarios

2022

IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For each generated trip, the generated trip distance in (5) should match the trip starting and ending times calculated from ( 3) and (4), i.e., D p,m,d ≤ T end p,m,d − T start p,m,d . If not, the model will regenerate another random trip distance using (5).…”

Section: Travel Behavior Submodelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transportation electrification in conjunction with renewable energy resources results in a reduction in all the previously mentioned negative effects, thus leading to an increase in energy security [3]. However, even though battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are an emerging trend, they may have negative impacts on the electric grid if not managed properly [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability Assessment under High Penetration of EVs including V2G Strategy

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With the increase in the penetration of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) all over the world, utilities should start considering their increased demand as part of their electric demand. Generally, the literature lacks works that consider the impact of transportation electrification on the reliability of the power system. Thus, this paper proposes a new mechanism for reliability assessment including BEVs, with both grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) modes. Three charging strategies: uncontrolled, controlled unidirectional, and controlled bidirectional are considered in this paper to model the interactions between the transportation and electric power systems. A dynamic stochastic consumption model for a fleet of BEVs is developed to be used in the reliability assessment for the distribution networks. This dynamic model takes into consideration the variability and uncertainty of different trip purposes, starting and ending trip times, as well as the corresponding battery consumption in weather conditions. Furthermore, it is composed of two sequential submodels: travel behavior and battery depletion. The first submodel considers trip-related information while the second considers battery-depleted energy. Simulation results on a benchmark test system show the negative impacts of uncontrolled charging on the power system’s reliability. However, they also show that controlled charging can significantly reduce or mitigate these impacts.

show abstract

“…Given the BSS context challenges and based on the developed research of [18], in this work, we propose a mathematical model that represents the daily operation of a BSS considering PV generation, taking into account critical feasibility and sustainability features for the business in the long-term, such as battery heterogeneity and battery degradation due to charging process. The model's main objective is to maximize the daily profit of the BSS considering the decision of the batteries charging schedule and the acceptance/rejection of the EVs swapping requests.…”

Section: List Of Tablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main reference study of this work is [18], which developed a mixed integer non-linear model to define PV-based BSS operations, where sensitivity analyses were made upon homogeneity of batteries. The study concluded that the PV could increase the BSS profit by 67% and decreases costumer's nonattendance.…”

Section: Objectives and Contributions Regarding The Existing Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Battery Swapping Stations With Battery Heterogeneity, Charging Degradation and Pv-Option

ROCHA¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Greenhouse gas emissions-related issues have been extensively discussed in the past years, with over 70 countries already committed to a carbon-neutral economy by 2050. The electrification of transportation modals has increased following these goals, where Electric Vehicles (EVs) are starting to take Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEV) market share all over the globe. Besides the particular complexity in comparing EVs and ICEVs, challenges involving the nature of EVs and their integration with cities, such as the lack of public locals for charging, are also critical and interfere with their development. In this context, this work aims at studying the problem of a Battery Swapping Station (BSS), a structure where the EVs users swap their depleted batteries for fully or partially charged ones. In order to simulate the BSS daily operations and batteries charging schedule, a novel Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model is proposed, taking into account battery heterogeneity, the use of local photovoltaic (PV) production and battery degradation based on charging profile. A collection of BSS operation metrics are designed to evaluate the solution quality of the proposed scheduling model. A numerical experiment comprising four case studies based on real data from the US power and transportation systems is presented, with insights and analyses on the PV and grid power use, as well as a BSS financial comparison against close-related benchmark scheduling approaches, together with sensitivities on BSS sizing plan and costumers attendance.

show abstract

Optimal Day-ahead Operation for a PV-based Battery Swapping Station for Electric Vehicles

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

A Survey of Battery Swapping Stations for Electric Vehicles: Operation Modes and Decision Scenarios

A Survey of Battery Swapping Stations for Electric Vehicles: Operation Modes and Decision Scenarios

Reliability Assessment under High Penetration of EVs including V2G Strategy

Optimization of Battery Swapping Stations With Battery Heterogeneity, Charging Degradation and Pv-Option

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About