Optimal design of CHCP plants in the civil sector by thermoeconomics

A Technology Selection and Operation (TSO) optimisation model for distributed energy systems: Mathematical formulation and case study

“…There is an extensive amount of literature describing different approaches for designing DES, ranging from standard recommendations to simulations [1,[4][5][6] and mathematical programming models [2,[7][8][9]11]. A broad range of factors integrate and influence DES design: diverse energy technologies, types of application (i.e.…”

“…fixed or variable) and time periods of study among others. A great part of the literature available on DES incorporates fuelled co-generation units; these include combined heat and power (CHP), mainly gas-engine [1,8,11], or a variation of this such as combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) [4,5,12]. Although some of the studies included the integration of other types of elements such as renewable energy technologies (e.g.…”

“…Besides traditional and standard sizing methods for CHPs such as [15], individual sizing or strategy optimization have been studied in [4,7,16]. [4] optimized system design by simulating a constant-load system, focusing on the size of the prime mover.…”

“…[4] optimized system design by simulating a constant-load system, focusing on the size of the prime mover. [7] optimized the operational strategy of a district heating system with three existing CHP units.…”

“…Simulations and mixed-integer programming (MIP) optimization models have assisted decision-makers in such tasks [1,2,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Diverse features and levels of complexity have been explored; the simplest model approaches consider constant energy demands and fixed energy costs while complex approaches consider fluctuating energy prices, variable energy demands, part-load efficiency integration, a carbon price and the possibility of selling electricity exported to the grid.…”