“…Research topic (Giuliano, O'Brien, 2007); (Maguire, et al, 2010); (Phan, Kim, 2016); (Schulte, et al, 2017); (Jin, et al, 2021) Truck appointment system (TAS) / Vehicle Booking System (VBS) to manage port-related truck traffic and vehicle emissions due to truck idling and to improve terminal productivity initially didn't provide evidence of improvement, but this changed over time (Motono, et al, 2016) Simplification of entry/exit procedures and the elimination of improper documents with the compulsory pre-gate system or early registration procedures. (Minh, Huynh, 2017); (Jin, et al, 2021) Introduction of dedicated gates and/or lane separation (lane allocation systems) for empty trailers arriving to the port. (Maguire, et al, 2010); (Meersman, et al, 2012); (Chao, 2017); (Neagoe, et al, 2018); (De la Peña Zarzuelo, et al, 2020) Gate automation procedures and the use of sensors/cameras for driver identification system (DIS), license plate identification system (LPIS) or container number recognition system (CNRS); the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) for real-time monitoring, X-ray inspection area etc.…”