This
work proposes a multiperiod mixed integer nonlinear programming
model for the optimal design of agricultural water networks, which
involves the optimal reuse of resources, such as water, fertilizers,
and pesticides. This model is based on a new superstructure that includes
attractive options for the use, reuse, recycle, regeneration, and
storage for the considered resources. The proposed model incorporates
simultaneously the maximization of the net annual profit and the minimization
of the environmental impact. The profit is formed by the economic
incomes due to the sale of crops minus the corresponding capital and
operating costs associated with the fresh water, fertilizer, storage,
piping, pumping, and water treatment. Whereas the environmental impact
is determined through the Eco-indicator 95 and the water footprint
to evaluate the effect over the global warming, acidification, eutrophication,
green water footprint, gray water footprint, and blue water footprint.
Two case studies from the Mexican state of Sinaloa were solved with
the proposed model. The operating, economic, and design parameters
are representative for the state of Sinaloa in Mexico; and the results
are presented in three-dimensional Pareto diagrams. From these diagrams,
it is possible to find the optimal relationship between profit, eco-indicator,
and water footprint.