This paper presents a survey of the articles published in the period 2013–2021 related to the application of the teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO), which reproduces the dynamics that occur in a classroom with the teacher and the student. This paper uses the algorithm to optimize some objective functions related to the design in the electronics field. A total of 62 papers were reviewed and some graphs were generated to summarize the most relevant of these articles. These have been classified into five categories based on the areas of electronic engineering, such as power electronics, control, electromagnetism, digital electronics, and analogue electronics. Electronic engineering has been becoming increasingly relevant in world technological development, for example, in electric vehicles or generating electricity from renewable energy sources to counteract the environmental impact that non-renewable sources generate. The TLBO algorithm has attracted the interest of a large number of researchers due to its efficiency, speed, and low initialization parameter requirements. This article is composed of two stages, the first is a summary of the information on electronics, in general, encompassing all its areas, and the second focuses on the algorithm applied to multilevel inverters; for each stage, graphs and tables are shown.